Lossless Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Compatible With Homomorphic Processing

Wu, Haotian; Cheung, Yiu-ming; Zhou, Zhenwei; Xu, Lingling; Hu, Jiankun

doi:10.1109/tcyb.2022.3163245

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Here formula for correlation coefficient r xy [69] (equation (7)) between the adjacent pixels in a certain direction is used as follows, original image is nearly diagonal which depicts that the adjacent pixel values are highly correlated and for the encrypted image, the scatter plot is uniformly distributed all over the frame which confirms that the correlation of the adjacent pixels is almost zero (table 8). A comparative analysis is done here for Lena image in 3 directions and three colour channels using the proposed algorithm in comparison with [24][25][26][27][28][29], [49]. This study validates the efficiency of the algorithm.…”

Section: Correlation Analysis Between Adjacent Pixelssupporting

confidence: 54%

“…With the rapid growth of the internet and IoT, for the necessity of efficient and secure transmission of data, researchers have proposed various methods including data hiding [26,27], digital watermarking [28,29], and image encryption [30,31]. The most effective way of securing the transmission of image infromation is the image encryption process [32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A physical memristor-based chaotic system and its application in colour image encryption scheme

Das,

Mandal

2023

Phys. Scr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work proposes a physical memristor (TaOx) based new 4D chaotic system with 3D multi-scroll, no equilibrium point, spiking behaviour, coexistence bursting oscillation and multistability. Using this physical memristor-based chaotic system, a novel and efficient colour image encryption algorithm has been developed using a unique box scrambling method and bit-wise XOR operations. Many interesting and new dynamics of a material-based memristive chaotic system are reported here, like 3D multi-scroll chaotic attractors, bursting characteristics, multistability, a neuronal system like spiking behaviours etc using Lyapunov spectrum and bifurcation plots. It is observed that the number of scrolls is changed with the total simulation time. This novel memristive chaotic system has limit cycles with controllable spikes and bursting oscillation. In addition, the system shows chaotic bursting oscillation under a different set of parameters and initial conditions. The coexistence of the bursting phenomena is studied here. The bursting and spiking characteristic is important for material-based memristors in neuromorphic applications. 3D Chaotic multi-scroll and multistability properties make the image encryption method more efficient and secure. Such characteristics are rare in physical memristor-based chaotic systems and using this, the image encryption algorithm is also rare in recent findings. Therefore, a new secure image encryption algorithm for colour images is proposed here, based on the unique box scrambling method, bitwise XOR operation and pseudo-random number generation using the proposed memristive chaotic system. Various tests like NPCR, UACI, histogram analysis, correlation study, information entropy analysis, robustness against external noise, etc have been performed to check the algorithm’s robustness and efficiency and test the capability to resist statistical and differential attacks.

show abstract

Section: Correlation Analysis Between Adjacent Pixelssupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A physical memristor-based chaotic system and its application in colour image encryption scheme

Das,

Mandal

2023

Phys. Scr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Wu et al [27] developed a hierarchical embedding algorithm with Paillier encryption, which has a higher EC. Subsequently, several excellent schemes are designed [28,29]. However, another issue of encrypted data expansion is raised by public key encryption.…”

Section: In Terms Of Improving Embedding Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise Modulation-Based Reversible Data Hiding with McEliece Encryption

Wang

Zhang

Kong

et al. 2022

Security and Communication Networks

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

McEliece cryptosystem is expected to be the next generation of the cryptographic algorithm due to its ability to resist quantum computing attacks. Few research studies have combined it with reversible data hiding in the encrypted domain (RDH-ED). In this article, we analysed and proved that there is a redundancy in the McEliece encryption process that is suitable for embedding. Then, a noise modulation-based scheme is proposed, called NM-RDHED, which is suitable for any signal and not only for images. The content owner scrambles the original image and then encrypts it with the receiver’s public key. The data hider generates a load noise by modulating additional data. After that, the load noise is added to the encrypted image, which achieves the data embedding. The reconstructed image is without any distortion after the direct decryption of the marked image, and the extracted data are no errors. The experimental results demonstrate our scheme has a higher embedding rate and more security, which is superior to existing schemes.

show abstract

“…Depending on the specific applications, the hidden data need to be retrieved before or after decrypting the ciphertext. For instance, a separable RDH scheme (e.g., [17], [25], [26], [27], [28]) indicates that data extraction can be performed without decryption, while decryption is required for data extraction with the inseparable algorithms (e.g., [22], [23], [39]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For homomorphic encryption schemes, lossless data hiding in ciphertexts (LDH-CT) has been recently proposed to hide extra data without changing the file size or plaintext of a ciphertext (e.g., [30], [38], [39]). Hereinafter, a RDH method that maintains the plaintext unchanged after hiding data into a ciphertext is denoted as LDH-CT. As a countermeasure to the known plain-text attack, randomness is introduced in the encryption so that one plain-text value corresponds to multiple cipher values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lossless Data Hiding in NTRU Cryptosystem by Polynomial Encoding and Modulation

Wu,

Cheung,

Tian

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans.Inform.Forensic Secur.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lossless data hiding in ciphertexts (LDH-CT) is to perform data embedding without changing their plaintexts, which can be used to transmit extra data in the applications of homomorphic encryption at little cost. In this paper, two LDH-CT algorithms named Polynomial Encoding (PE) and Polynomial Modulation (PM) are proposed for the "N-th Degree Truncated Polynomial Ring Unit" (NTRU) scheme, respectively. In the PE algorithm, a polynomial is encoded according to a string of bit values and further used to encrypt a plain-text polynomial. After decrypting the ciphertext, the encoded polynomial can be retrieved so that dozens of bit values can be extracted from it. Moreover, the PE algorithm can be combined with a polynomial partitioning strategy to achieve data extraction before decryption as well. In applying the PM algorithm, no parameter setting of an NTRU cryptosystem is changed while a cipher-text polynomial is generated by selectively sampling a polynomial to match the to-be-hidden value. Furthermore, the data hidden with the PM algorithm can be pre-chosen to be extracted without decryption or after decryption, and in each case up to 10 bit values can be hidden into one cipher-text polynomial. The proposed algorithms and schemes are implemented and compared with several schemes developed for NTRU, BGN, LWE and Paillier encryption. Experimental results and performance evaluations demonstrate the efficacy and superiority of the proposed algorithms and schemes.

show abstract

Lossless Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Compatible With Homomorphic Processing

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

A physical memristor-based chaotic system and its application in colour image encryption scheme

A physical memristor-based chaotic system and its application in colour image encryption scheme

Noise Modulation-Based Reversible Data Hiding with McEliece Encryption

Lossless Data Hiding in NTRU Cryptosystem by Polynomial Encoding and Modulation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About