Losses in a Pulsed Ruby Laser*

The Linear Theory of Landau Damping

“…This measurement was carried out (Kaiser and Keck 1962) with well-collimated (< 0.5 mrad) monochromatic (0.67 pm) light polarized perpendicular to the ruby c axis. The single-pass scattering loss was 0.1 1 i 0.01, which is in agreement with other measurements (Aagard 1963) on rubies of similar quality.…”

“…The losses of ruby laser resonators have been estimated (Aagard 1963, Masters 1963, Chen 1965 from the temperature variation of loop (double-pass) gain at threshold. However, the observation by Townsend et al (1965) of large distortions in rubies pumped well above threshold raises the question of the constancy of the loss under these conditions, which are particularly relevant to the Q-switched laser.…”

Doped-crystal and gas lasers

“…Rigorous calculations of diffraction loss have been made by Fox andLi (1961, 1963), by Boyd and Gordon (1961) and by Boyd and Kogelnik (1962). Aagard (1963) has measured the diffraction loss in a ruby laser and found reasonable agreement with the theoretical predictions of Fox and Li (1961).…”

“…If, however, the loss 6 is very high then a determination can be made by this method. Detailed measurements have been carried out by Masters (1963), Aagard (1963), Nelson and Remeika (1964) and Chan (1965). Ohtsuka (1966) has estimated loss by a determination of slope efficiency as a function of inserted loss.…”