Loss of Water and Nutrients in Different Soil Tillage Systems Subjected to Natural Rainfall in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the loss of water and nutrients by laminar runoff in different soil tillage systems subjected to natural rainfall. Five experimental plots were established for the cultivation of cotton in the city of Campo Verde-MT, with the following treatments: CTDP = conventional soil tillage and planting of the cotton in the direction of the slope; CTCP = conventional tillage and contour planting; CP = tillage of soil with a disk harrow and a leveling harrow, followed by contour planting; CoP = tillage by two passes of a leveling harrow followed by contour planting; MTCP = minimum tillage with contour planting. The losses of water by laminar runoff in were determined by the stored volume and samples were taken to quantify nutrient losses in water (nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and potassium). The losses of water by runoff were highest for the CTDP; intermediate for the treatments CTCP, CoP and MTCP, and lowest for the CP. Potassium (K) was the nutrient that had the highest concentrations and losses in water: the highest values were found in the CTDP and CTCP tillage systems, whereas the lowest were observed for the CP, CoP, and MTCP treatments. The concentrations and the losses by water erosion of phosphate (PO4 3-), nitrite (NO2-), and nitrate (NO3-) were low in all of the soil tillage systems compared to the losses of K in this study.

Light Rain Characterization in Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil

“…Filtering was developed directly in Python once the analysis time was defined by counting the period of 12 hours or more without rain before restarting the count, as the amount of pollutants is concentrated in longer periods of drought (Leite et al, 2018). Therefore, mixing drought factors and the fact that the maintenance of the detention reservoir can be carried out within a period of 12 hours, the number of events was counted.…”

“…Diffuse pollution is defined as the indirect introduction of substances into water or soil as a result of human activity, being dispersed and variable in space and not attributed to a specific origin (Oliveira et al, 2018). Leite et al (2018) state that diffuse pollution occurs over a vast area and is generally associated with the type of land use and occupation, with surface runoff being an important transport agent.…”

“…Diffuse forms are more difficult to resolve and often cause high levels of pollution in waterways, which are related to their dispersion in space (Batista et al, 2019). According to Leite et al (2018), the processes and causes of polluting sources, especially diffuse ones, need to be analyzed for their control and study. Thus, analyzing precipitation is essential for the beginning of its study.…”

Vulnerabilidade à erosão hídrica do solo, bacia hidrográfica do rio Araguaia

“…Em Goiás, Silva e Rosa (2019) analisaram variáveis ambientais e ponderaram que quanto maior o grau de declividade associado a solos com alta erodibilidade, maior será a susceptibilidade natural da área a erosão do solo. Estudos no Estado do Mato Grosso identificaram perdas de água (eutrofização) por enxurradas devido a inclinação da superfície terrestre (Leite et al, 2018). Figura 7.…”

Trace Elements Loss Characteristics in Runoff Discharge from Tobacco-Growing Red Soil in Sichuan Province of China

“…Different soil elements have been lost in the following different case studies. Potassium was lost via runoff and sediment flow in sugarcane, maize, black gram, and fallow land located on different slopes, in the cotton field of Red-yellow Latosol soil, and in the light red textured red soil planted with Sorghum [32] [33] [34]. On the other hand, total nutrients loss in stimulated rainfall of 64 mm/h and slope of 0.18 was significantly observed in soil erosion water, with a different loss estimated in different soil management systems [35].…”