Loss of the balance between CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and CD4+IL17A+ Th17 cells in patients with type 1 diabetes

Studies of Mucosal Immune Regulation in Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes

“…Some reported high production of Th1 cytokines and low production of Th2 cytokines in T1D [311], confirming results from animal studies [305], while others detected low production of Th1 cytokines in peripheral blood [312]. Furthermore, up-regulation of the Th17 cell associated cytokine IL-17 has been reported in peripheral blood of T1D patients [313][314][315][316]. …”

CD122 blockade restores immunological tolerance in autoimmune type 1 diabetes via multiple mechanisms

“…We thus propose a derepression model whereby ChMBC7 promotes Th17 cell differentiation by inhibiting the suppressive effect of IL-2. A number of studies have proposed that Th17 cells played a disease-promoting role in T1D (47,48), mainly through their signature cytokine IL-17 (49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54) or, alternatively, through TNF-α produced by Th17 cells (55). However, this opinion was contradicted by other studies suggesting that Th17 cells may possess a disease-suppressive role in T1D (56)(57)(58)(59).…”

Dynamicity of Immune Regulation during Visceral Leishmaniasis

“…Several examples are there demonstrating the immunosuppressive role of Treg cells in autoimmune and infectious diseases, such as arthritis (Chen et al, 2013), type-1 diabetes (Ryba-Stanislawowska et al, 2013), asthma (Nawijn et al, 2013), HIV (Li et al, 2013) and tuberculosis (Sharma et al 2009;Ebinuma et al, 2008 (Howard et al, 1980;Howard et al, 1981). Association of B cells with the development of suppressive T cell (Sacks et al, 1987) and their active involvement against both the inductive and expressive phases of DTH response in CL were reported (Dhaliwal et al, 1985).…”