Loss of PiT-1 results in abnormal endocytosis in the yolk sac visceral endoderm

Wallingford, Mary C.; Giachelli, Cecilia M.

doi:10.1016/j.mod.2014.08.001

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…3D and G), a membrane proteins expressed in the yolk sac visceral endoderm (VE) [34]. The expression in VE was specific, as TPH1 labeling was absent from SM22alpha+ mesoderm cells [35], and CD31+ endothelium cells (Fig. 3E and H and data not shown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential patterning of genes involved in serotonin metabolism and transport in extra-embryonic tissues of the mouse

Choi

Levitt

2016

Placenta

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Introduction Serotonin (5-HT) is an important neuromodulator, but recently has been shown to be involved in neurodevelopment. Although previous studies have demonstrated that the placenta is a major source of forebrain 5-HT during early forebrain development, the processes of how 5-HT production, metabolism, and transport from placenta to fetus are regulated are unknown. As an initial step in determining the mechanisms involved, we investigated the expression patterns of genes critical for 5-HT system function in mouse extraembryonic tissues. Methods Mid- through late gestation expression of 5-HT system-related enzymes, Tph1, Ddc, Maoa, and 5-HT transporters, Sert/Slc6a4, Oct3/Slc22a3, Vmat2/Slc18a2, and 5-HT in placenta and yolk sac were examined, with cell type-specific resolution, using multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization to co-localize transcripts and immunocytochemistry to co-localize the corresponding proteins and neurotransmitter. Results Tph1 and Ddc are found in the syncytiotrophoblast I (SynT-I) and sinusoidal trophoblast giant cells (S-TGC), whereas Maoa is expressed in SynT-I, syncytiotrophoblast II (SynT-II) and S-TGC. Oct3 expression is observed in the SynT-II only, while Vmat2 is mainly expressed in S-TGC. Surprisingly, there were comparatively high expression of Tph1, Ddc, and Maoa in the yolk sac visceral endoderm. Discussion In addition to trophoblast cells, visceral endoderm cells in the yolk sac may contribute to fetal 5-HT production. The findings raise the possibility of a more complex regulation of 5-HT access to the fetus through the differential roles of trophoblasts that surround maternal and fetal blood space and of yolk sac endoderm prior to normal degeneration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential patterning of genes involved in serotonin metabolism and transport in extra-embryonic tissues of the mouse

Choi

Levitt

2016

Placenta

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“…Both Slc20a1 and Slc20a2 are expressed in human placentas, and their altered expression is associated with placental dysfunction and preeclampsia [9,10]. Slc20a1 global KO mice are early embryonic lethal, precluding analysis of Slc20a1 roles in the late term placenta [11–13]. In this study, we sought to test the hypothesis that Slc20a2 plays an important role in placental function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slc20a2 deficiency results in fetal growth restriction and placental calcification associated with thickened basement membranes and novel CD13 and lamininα1 expressing cells

Wallingford

Gammill

Giachelli

2016

Reproductive Biology

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The essential nutrient phosphorus must be taken up by the mammalian embryo during gestation. The mechanism(s) and key proteins responsible for maternal to fetal phosphate transport have not been identified. Established parameters for placental phosphate transport match those of the type III phosphate transporters, Slc20a1 and Slc20a2. Both members are expressed in human placenta, and their altered expression is linked to preeclampsia. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Slc20a2 is required for placental function. Indeed, complete deficiency of Slc20a2 in either the maternal or embryonic placental compartment results in fetal growth restriction. We found that Slc20a2 null mice can reproduce, but are subviable; ~50% are lost prior to weaning age. We also observed that 23% of Slc20a2 deficient females develop pregnancy complications at full term, with tremors and placental abnormalities including abnormal vascular structure, increased basement membrane deposition, abundant calcification, and accumulation of novel CD13 and lamininα1 positive cells. Together these data support that Slc20a2 deficiency impacts both maternal and neonatal health, and Slc20a2 is required for normal placental function. In humans, decreased levels of placental Slc20a1 and Slc20a2 have been correlated with early onset preeclampsia, a disorder that can manifest from placental dysfunction. In addition, preterm placental calcification has been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. We surveyed placental calcification in human preeclamptic placenta samples, and detected basement membrane-associated placental calcification as well as a comparable lamininα1 positive cell type, indicating that similar mechanisms may underlie both human and mouse placental calcification.

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“…During normal development in the mouse (but not in ruminants), IgGs are endocytosed by VE cells [71, 72] and accumulated in vesicles called apical vacuoles (a specialized type of lysosome—[21, 73, 74]). To determine whether HOXB9 staining co-localized with these apical vacuoles, a co-staining with mouse IgGs was performed on E5.5 embryos.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Pattern of HOXB9 Protein Localization during Oocyte Maturation and Early Embryonic Development in Mammals

et al. 2016

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BackgroundWe previously showed that the homeodomain transcription factor HOXB9 is expressed in mammalian oocytes and early embryos. However, a systematic and exhaustive study of the localization of the HOXB9 protein, and HOX proteins in general, during mammalian early embryonic development has so far never been performed.ResultsThe distribution of HOXB9 proteins in oocytes and the early embryo was characterized by immunofluorescence from the immature oocyte stage to the peri-gastrulation period in both the mouse and the bovine. HOXB9 was detected at all studied stages with a dynamic expression pattern. Its distribution was well conserved between the two species until the blastocyst stage and was mainly nuclear. From that stage on, trophoblastic cells always showed a strong nuclear staining, while the inner cell mass and the derived cell lines showed important dynamic variations both in staining intensity and in intra-cellular localization. Indeed, HOXB9 appeared to be progressively downregulated in epiblast cells and only reappeared after gastrulation had well progressed. The protein was also detected in the primitive endoderm and its derivatives with a distinctive presence in apical vacuoles of mouse visceral endoderm cells.ConclusionsTogether, these results could suggest the existence of unsuspected functions for HOXB9 during early embryonic development in mammals.

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Loss of PiT-1 results in abnormal endocytosis in the yolk sac visceral endoderm

Cited by 15 publications

References 59 publications

Differential patterning of genes involved in serotonin metabolism and transport in extra-embryonic tissues of the mouse

Differential patterning of genes involved in serotonin metabolism and transport in extra-embryonic tissues of the mouse

Slc20a2 deficiency results in fetal growth restriction and placental calcification associated with thickened basement membranes and novel CD13 and lamininα1 expressing cells

Dynamic Pattern of HOXB9 Protein Localization during Oocyte Maturation and Early Embryonic Development in Mammals

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