Loss of Patellar and Achilles Tendon Reflexes in Classical Ballet Dancers

Goode, David J.; Hoven, J Van

doi:10.1001/archneur.1982.00510170065030

Cited by 49 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Indeed, these individuals have smaller H-reflex amplitudes compared with those of other trained individuals (Goode and Van Hoven 1982;Nielsen et al 1993a). It has been demonstrated previously that different types of motor training induce a task-specific depression of the SOL H-reflex Hess et al 2003;Perez et al 2005;Schneider and Capaday 2003;Taube et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Task-Specific Depression of the Soleus H-Reflex After Cocontraction Training of Antagonistic Ankle Muscles

Perez

Lundbye‐Jensen

Nielsen

2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Perez MA, Lundbye-Jensen J, Nielsen JB. Task-specific depression of the soleus H-reflex after cocontraction training of antagonistic ankle muscles. J Neurophysiol 98: 3677-3687, 2007. First published October 17, 2007 doi:10.1152/jn.00988.2007. Ballet dancers have small soleus (SOL) H-reflex amplitudes, which may be related to frequent use of cocontraction of antagonistic ankle muscles. Indeed, SOL H-reflexes are depressed during cocontraction compared with plantarflexion at matched background EMG level. We investigated the effect of 30-min training of simultaneous activation of ankle dorsiand plantarflexor muscles (cocontraction task) on the SOL H-reflex in 10 healthy volunteers. Measurements were taken during cocontraction. After training, there was a significant improvement in the ability of the subjects to perform a stable cocontraction. SOL H-reflex recruitment curves and H-max/M-max ratios were decreased after cocontraction training but not after 30 min of static dorsi or plantarflexion. The decreased H-reflex size correlated with improved motor performance. No changes in SOL and tibialis anterior (TA) EMG activity or EMG power were observed, suggesting that increased presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferents is a likely mechanism for H-reflex depression. In different sessions we measured SOL and TA motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) by using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), TMS-elicited suppression of SOL EMG, and coherence between electroencephalographic (EEG) activity (Cz) and TA and SOL EMG. SOL and TA MEPs were depressed, whereas TMSelicited suppression of SOL EMG and coherence were increased after training. Decreased excitability of corticospinal neurons due to increased intracortical inhibition seems a likely explanation of these observations. Our results indicate that the depression in H-reflex observed during a cocontraction task can be trained and that repeated performance of tasks involving cocontraction may lead to prolonged changes in reflex and corticospinal excitability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Task-Specific Depression of the Soleus H-Reflex After Cocontraction Training of Antagonistic Ankle Muscles

Perez

Lundbye‐Jensen

Nielsen

2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…These results were in agreement with previous observations that reflex characteristics vary between subjects with variations in muscle activity levels or coordination patterns. 18,26 In this study, the age of the subjects ranged from 18 to 26 years. This narrow age range was chosen to exclude the age factor as an affecting element in our investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scapular Muscle Recruitment Pattern: Electromyographic Response of the Trapezius Muscle to Sudden Shoulder Movement Before and After a Fatiguing Exercise

Cools¹,

Witvrouw²,

Clercq³

et al. 2002

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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4Study Design: Test-retest reliability study and single-group repeated measures design. Objectives: To evaluate the muscle latency times of the 3 portions of the trapezius muscle to a sudden arm movement in normal shoulders and to determine if this recruitment pattern is altered as a result of fatigue. Background: It has been suggested that shoulder impingement may be related to altered muscle activity and muscle fatigue in the scapular stabilizers. Fatigue-induced changes in latency times of the trapezius might influence scapular stability. Methods and Measures: Muscle latency times were investigated in 30 healthy shoulders with surface electromyography. Muscle activity was measured in all 3 sections of the trapezius and the middle deltoid muscle during a sudden downward falling movement of the arm. Subsequently the shoulder was fatigued on an isokinetic dynamometer, after which muscle latency time measurement was repeated. Results: ANOVA for repeated measures revealed significant differences in latency times (P Ͻ 0.05) among the 4 muscles of interest. Although there were no significant differences among the 3 sections of the trapezius muscle, they all were recruited after the initialization of the deltoid muscle. The recruitment order of the shoulder muscles did not change with muscle fatigue. However, after fatigue, muscle responses were significantly slower in all muscles except for the lower trapezius (P Ͻ 0.05). Sciences and Physiotherapy, De Pintelaan 185, 6K3, B9000 Ghent, Conclusions: There is a specific recruitment sequence in the shoulder muscles in response to a sudden arm movement characterized by initial activation of the middle deltoid muscle and followed by simultaneous contraction of all 3 sections of the trapezius. This muscle activation pattern is delayed but not altered with fatigue.

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“…SSRs and H‐reflexes are different in athletes and non‐athletes and among different kinds of athletes (Rochcongar et al. 1979, Goode & Van Hoven 1982, Casabona et al. 1990, Koceja et al.…”

Section: Activity‐dependent Spinal Cord Plasticity During Normal Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal cord plasticity in acquisition and maintenance of motor skills

2007

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Throughout normal life, activity-dependent plasticity occurs in the spinal cord as well as in brain. Like other central nervous system (CNS) plasticity, spinal cord plasticity can occur at numerous neuronal and synaptic sites and through a variety of mechanisms. Spinal cord plasticity is prominent early in life and contributes to mastery of standard behaviours like locomotion and rapid withdrawal from pain. Later in life, spinal cord plasticity has a role in acquisition and maintenance of new motor skills, and in compensation for peripheral and central changes accompanying ageing, disease and trauma. Mastery of the simplest behaviours is accompanied by complex spinal and supraspinal plasticity. This complexity is necessary, in order to preserve the complete behavioural repertoire, and is also inevitable, due to the ubiquity of activity-dependent CNS plasticity. Explorations of spinal cord plasticity are necessary for understanding motor skills. Furthermore, the spinal cord's comparative simplicity and accessibility makes it a logical starting point for studying skill acquisition. Induction and guidance of activity-dependent spinal cord plasticity will probably play an important role in realization of effective new rehabilitation methods for spinal cord injuries, cerebral palsy and other motor disorders.

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Loss of Patellar and Achilles Tendon Reflexes in Classical Ballet Dancers

Cited by 49 publications

References 5 publications

Task-Specific Depression of the Soleus H-Reflex After Cocontraction Training of Antagonistic Ankle Muscles

Task-Specific Depression of the Soleus H-Reflex After Cocontraction Training of Antagonistic Ankle Muscles

Scapular Muscle Recruitment Pattern: Electromyographic Response of the Trapezius Muscle to Sudden Shoulder Movement Before and After a Fatiguing Exercise

Spinal cord plasticity in acquisition and maintenance of motor skills

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