Loss of miRNAs during Processing and Storage of Cow’s (<i>Bos taurus</i>) Milk

Howard, Katherine M.; Kusuma, Rio Jati; Baier, Scott R.; Friemel, Taylor; Markham, Laura; Vanamala, Jairam; Zempleni, Janos

doi:10.1021/jf505526w

Cited by 117 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…Gene regulation by microRNAs has been implicated in virtually all aspects of human health and disease including bone health (42,43), female and male reproduction (44,45), arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease (20,46,47), metabolic syndrome (48)(49)(50)(51), and cancer (52). Note that pasteurization, fat adjustment, and cold storage of milk does not alter its microRNA content, but that a 50% loss of microRNAs was observed when milk was homogenized, presumably because of the destruction of exosomes by shear forces (53).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intestinal Transport of Bovine Milk Exosomes Is Mediated by Endocytosis in Human Colon Carcinoma Caco-2 Cells and Rat Small Intestinal IEC-6 Cells

Wolf

Baier

Zempleni

2015

The Journal of Nutrition

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intestinal Transport of Bovine Milk Exosomes Is Mediated by Endocytosis in Human Colon Carcinoma Caco-2 Cells and Rat Small Intestinal IEC-6 Cells

Wolf

Baier

Zempleni

2015

The Journal of Nutrition

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300

293

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“…It should be noticed that in contrast to fermented milk, nonfermented milk contains higher amounts of bioactive miRNAs including miRNA-148a, the most abundant miRNA of cow’s milk [63]. Downregulation of miRNA-148a expression plays a critical role in CRC carcinogenesis and progression [339,340,341].…”

Section: Milk-mediated Epigenetic Signaling and Diseases Of Civilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk’s Role as an Epigenetic Regulator in Health and Disease

2017

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Abstract:It is the intention of this review to characterize milk's role as an epigenetic regulator in health and disease. Based on translational research, we identify milk as a major epigenetic modulator of gene expression of the milk recipient. Milk is presented as an epigenetic "doping system" of mammalian development. Milk exosome-derived micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) that target DNA methyltransferases are implicated to play the key role in the upregulation of developmental genes such as FTO, INS, and IGF1. In contrast to miRNA-deficient infant formula, breastfeeding via physiological miRNA transfer provides the appropriate signals for adequate epigenetic programming of the newborn infant. Whereas breastfeeding is restricted to the lactation period, continued consumption of cow's milk results in persistent epigenetic upregulation of genes critically involved in the development of diseases of civilization such as diabesity, neurodegeneration, and cancer. We hypothesize that the same miRNAs that epigenetically increase lactation, upregulate gene expression of the milk recipient via milk-derived miRNAs. It is of critical concern that persistent consumption of pasteurized cow's milk contaminates the human food chain with bovine miRNAs, that are identical to their human analogs. Commercial interest to enhance dairy lactation performance may further increase the epigenetic miRNA burden for the milk consumer.

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“…60 miRNA concentrations significantly decrease during milk pasteurization and production. 61 Similarly to human breast feeding, the consumption of raw bovine milk is also associated with decreased risk of allergy and asthma, 62 and it cannot be excluded that bovine miRNAs are implicated in these phenomena. A recent study proved that bovine milk-derived miRNAs can be absorbed and appear in human blood after milk consumption, 63 but this finding is also debated.…”

Section: Dietary Xeno-mirna In Inter-species Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential relevance of microRNAs in inter-species epigenetic communication, and implications for disease pathogenesis

et al. 2016

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MicroRNAs are short non-protein coding RNA molecules involved in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Recently, extracellular microRNAs have been described in body fluids that might enable epigenetic communication between distant tissues. Being highly conserved molecules, exogenous xenomicroRNAs from different species could affect gene expression in the host even in a cross-kingdom fashion. Several data underline the relevance of microRNA-mediated communication between virus and host, and there are some experimental data showing that plant-or animal-derived dietary microRNAs might have gene expression modulating activity in humans. Milk-derived microRNAs might be involved in the "epigenetic priming" of the baby. Exogenous microRNAs might be hypothesized to be implicated in disease pathogenesis, e.g. in tumors. Major questions remain to be addressed including the amount of xeno-microRNAs needed for biological action or routes for microRNA delivery. In this brief review, experimental data and hypotheses on the potential pathogenic inter-species relevance of microRNA are presented.Abbreviations: AGO2, Argonaute-2 protein; dsRNA, double stranded RNA; FoxO1, forkhead box class O1A; FOXP3, forkhead box P3; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; LDLRAP1, low-density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1; miRNA, miR, microRNA; mTORC1, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; premiRNA, precursor microRNA; pri-miRNA, primary microRNA; RISC, RNA-induced silencing complex; RUNX2, runt related transcription factor 2; siRNA, small interfering RNA; TCF7, transcription factor 7; TLR, Toll-like receptor; Treg, regulatory T-cell; ZEB1, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1

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Loss of miRNAs during Processing and Storage of Cow’s (Bos taurus) Milk

Cited by 117 publications

References 35 publications

The Intestinal Transport of Bovine Milk Exosomes Is Mediated by Endocytosis in Human Colon Carcinoma Caco-2 Cells and Rat Small Intestinal IEC-6 Cells

The Intestinal Transport of Bovine Milk Exosomes Is Mediated by Endocytosis in Human Colon Carcinoma Caco-2 Cells and Rat Small Intestinal IEC-6 Cells

Milk’s Role as an Epigenetic Regulator in Health and Disease

Potential relevance of microRNAs in inter-species epigenetic communication, and implications for disease pathogenesis

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