“…Twenty of 28 studies use premorbid functioning as the baseline measurement in defining change over time [4,9,11e14,16e18,20,21,24e27,29e31,34,35]. Although most studies used more than one endpoint for decline, ADL function during hospital admission or at hospital discharge was identified as the primary endpoint in 20 studies [4,9,10,14e16,19e25,27,28,30,31,33,34]; the remaining eight studies used 2 weeks after admission to a 6-month period after discharge [11e13, 17,18,26,29,32,35]. In 17 studies, the instruments were scored by patients or by proxies for patients with cognitive impairment [4,9e14,18e20,22,28,30e34].…”