Loss of Habitat: Impacts on Pinnipeds and Their Welfare

Fink, Sheryl

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_14

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that the SASL is affected by extreme weather events that have a negative effect on pinniped wellbeing 45 . The accuracy of inputs such as coastal data points and topography should be improved and modeling techniques should be enhanced to include the influence of predicted increases in both the frequency and intensity of weather events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Vulnerability of a top marine predator to coastal storms: a relationship between hydrodynamic drivers and stranding rates of newborn pinnipeds

Sepúlveda

Quiñones

Esparza

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Coastal storms have increased in recent decades, affecting many species, including the South American sea lion (Otaria byronia). Reports of stranded sea lion pups are becoming common in Chile, presumably due to the increase in the frequency and intensity of coastal storms. to validate this assumption, a 10-year database was built by coupling wave generation and coastal propagation models to correlate pure wave parameters (significant wave height Hs, peak period Tp, normalized wave power Hs 2 Tp) and wave parameters including the tidal level (maximum surface elevation η, modified wave power η 2 Tp) with records of stranded pups in Cobquecura, the largest breeding colony in central chile. the correlation between the number of pups stranded per day and wave parameters in the first half of January and the last half of February is poor, while they are stronger for the second half of January and the first half of February. The higher number of stranded pups coincide with coastal storms with normalized wave power values exceeding a threshold of 100 m 2 /s. Conversely, below this threshold there is wide dispersion between the number of strandings and wave parameters. identifying wave parameter thresholds could be used to predict when newborn pups will be most affected by coastal storms, and thus help institutions to develop remediation techniques for animals at risk. Climate variability and change in the marine environment are emerging issues that have been reported to affect a wide range of species in different ways 1-4. Signs of climate change include changes in air and sea surface temperatures, a rise in the absolute mean sea level, changes in salinity, ocean acidification, and increased frequency and intensity of extreme events, among others 5. All of these signs are causing shifts in the abundance and distribution of several species, loss of habitat and changes in survival rates and breeding success. Some responses have been relatively consistent among species, such as a general advance in the timing of breeding and the migration of several bird species 6,7. However, other responses, like population size and breeding success are less consistent, and vary by species and location 8,9. Most studies on climate change in marine environments have focused on the rise in temperature and changes in the availability of resources 10,11. Other effects, such as the occurrence of coastal storms, have been overlooked, even though extreme events are expected to become more common over time, as they are associated with climate

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Vulnerability of a top marine predator to coastal storms: a relationship between hydrodynamic drivers and stranding rates of newborn pinnipeds

Sepúlveda

Quiñones

Esparza

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…For example, island-nesting albatross may have increased distance to travel to foraging grounds (Thorne et al 2015(Thorne et al , 2016 and will also lose breeding habitat (Baker et al 2006). As alluded to above, climate change-induced habitat losses will result in a variety of secondary effects such as increased competition (Kovacs et al 2011, Fink 2017, increased predation risk (Baker 2008), increased juvenile mortality rates (e.g. as a result of trampling: Fischbach et al 2009), disease (Kovacs et al 2011), and other densitydependent issues.…”

Section: Compounding Impacts Of Multiple Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land-dependent marine species face climate-driven impacts on land and at sea

Blondin

Armstrong

Hazen

et al. 2022

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Land-dependent marine species are a unique guild of species whose life histories rely on both land and sea. This group is exposed to climate change-related stressors 2-fold, as climate change impacts likely occur at different velocities across land and sea habitat, leading to a greater probability of evolutionary traps. Thus, it is difficult to assess vulnerability and subsequently manage these populations in response to climate change. Without consideration of the factors unique to land-dependent marine species, current vulnerability assessment frameworks may fall short when evaluating climate impacts on these species. We identified commonalities in climate-related threats across taxa and geographic regions, highlighting the specific life history strategies that may be better suited to adapt to the changing climate. Accordingly, we suggest 3 considerations for assessing the vulnerability of land-dependent marine species: (1) degree of specialization, (2) intraspecies population-level differences, and (3) non-climate stressors. Where possible, we suggest how the exclusion of this information in management and conservation planning may lead to less successful outcomes. Potential compounding impacts of multiple stressors puts this group at particular risk of population collapse when losing land and/or sea habitat and functionality. Each of these considerations should be included when assessing vulnerabilities to climate change, as well as in effective and proactive management responses.

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“…Leopard seals are renowned for their wide‐ranging nature (Berry 1960, Best 1971, Aguayo‐Lobo et al 2011, Hupman et al 2020), although they are primarily an Antarctic and sub‐Antarctic pinniped (Laws 1977, Rogers 2009). Record low Antarctic sea ice extent (Purich and Doddridge 2023) is likely to impact the habitat use and welfare of ice‐dwelling pinnipeds (Fink 2017, Wege et al 2021). Through streamlined photo‐ID using semiautomated programs, we can examine the health, distribution, and movement of leopard seals in relation to climate change in a timely and cost‐effective manner.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the performance of semiautomated photographic identification programs for leopard seals

Grabham,

van der Linde,

Nelson

2024

Wildlife Society Bulletin

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The photographic identification (photo‐ID) of individual animals can be time‐consuming and erroneous. Recent efforts to collect photographs of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) from across their range have necessitated the technological streamlining of photo‐ID. We constructed a dataset containing 595 photographs of the head and body of individuals recorded in New Zealand between 2008 and 2022 to test the performance of semiautomated 3 photo‐ID programs: HotSpotter, Interactive Individual Identification System's Pattern+ (I3S), and Wild‐ID. We classified attributes of photographs (e.g., quality) and individuals (i.e., pelage patterns) to assess their effect on performance. We compared performance using Top20 and Top1 Accuracy, defined as the proportion of test photographs where the highest ranked correct identity was in the top 20 and top 1, respectively, matched reference photographs. HotSpotter outperformed I3S and Wild‐ID in both Top20 and Top1 Accuracy of most assessed attributes. Maximizing HotSpotter's performance may be achieved through several methods, including increasing the number and variety of photographs of individuals in the dataset. HotSpotter will likely perform better with photographs without obstructions (e.g., debris from beaches), such as on the pack ice of their primary Antarctic range. We highlight the viability of HotSpotter in assisting the photo‐ID of leopard seals, and more broadly, other species with similar markings.

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Loss of Habitat: Impacts on Pinnipeds and Their Welfare

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Vulnerability of a top marine predator to coastal storms: a relationship between hydrodynamic drivers and stranding rates of newborn pinnipeds

Vulnerability of a top marine predator to coastal storms: a relationship between hydrodynamic drivers and stranding rates of newborn pinnipeds

Land-dependent marine species face climate-driven impacts on land and at sea

Evaluating the performance of semiautomated photographic identification programs for leopard seals

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