Loss of Gq/11 Genes Does Not Abolish Melanopsin Phototransduction

Chew, Kylie S.; Schmidt, Tiffany M.; Rupp, Alan C.; Kofuji, Paulo; Trimarchi, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098356

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have found the absorption maxima of purified melanopsins and the maximal spectral sensitivity of melanopsin-expressing cultured cells are both around 480 nm (13, 14, 16 -21). Although some G q -independent signaling by melanopsin has been suggested (22), a variety of melanopsins are reported to show light-dependent G q activation in vivo and in vitro (14,17,18,(23)(24)(25)(26), consistent with their high sequence similarity with the invertebrate visual pigments, which also use G q -dependent signaling (7,9) (Fig. 1A).…”

mentioning

confidence: 61%

Retinal Attachment Instability Is Diversified among Mammalian Melanopsins

Tsukamoto

Kubo

Farrens

et al. 2015

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Melanopsin is involved in non-visual photoreception in mammals, but molecular characteristics underlying these non-visual functions are unclear. Results: Stability of the bond with the retinal chromophore is weakened and diversified in mammalian melanopsins. Conclusion: Mammalian melanopsins have acquired characteristics suited for their non-visual functions. Significance: The weaker retinal attachment in melanopsin may contribute to the functional tuning of non-visual photoreception in mammals.

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mentioning

confidence: 61%

Retinal Attachment Instability Is Diversified among Mammalian Melanopsins

Tsukamoto

Kubo

Farrens

et al. 2015

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…In 3 ipRGCs (9%), no detectable level of any of Gq/11 mRNA was found. These data implicate the role of Gna11 and Gna14 in ipRGCs . The involvement of G proteins in melanopsin signaling was also analyzed in knockout mice lacking the respective G proteins.…”

Section: Melanopsin‐regulated Signaling Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Therefore, Chew et al . suggested the compensatory upregulation from the remaining Gq/11. The presence of other Gq/11‐independent pathway in vivo in ipRGCs was also suggested, which is conceivable since other G proteins, such as Gi/o, were also shown to be activated by the photoexcited melanopsin .…”

Section: Melanopsin‐regulated Signaling Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These data were obtained using single or double mutants for the members of Gq/11 family. Moreover, double knockout (DKO) mice ( Gna11 −/− , Gna14 −/− DKO) still exhibited persistence of ipRGC light‐evoked responses . It was demonstrated that Gna14 and Gna15 were upregulated in Gnaq; Gna11 DKOs, while Gna15 was upregulated in Gna14 knockouts; however, the changes in Gna15 expression were not significant in Gna11; Gna14 DKOs.…”

Section: Melanopsin‐regulated Signaling Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absence of Gnaq in a study by Chew et al . might result from different methodology used. Hughes et al .…”

Section: Melanopsin‐regulated Signaling Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of Melanopsin Signaling: Key Interactions of the Nonvisual Photopigment

Stachurska

Sarna

2018

Photochem & Photobiology

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Melanopsin is a G protein-coupled receptor with a peak sensitivity in the blue part of the spectrum, which plays a key role in nonvisual light-mediated signaling. Recently, its importance in forming visual pathway as well as its role in blood vessels photorelaxation was also revealed. Melanopsin was discovered in 1998 in Xenopus leavis. Since then, the melanopsin presence was demonstrated across the species. The existence of two melanopsin genes (opn4m and opn4x) as well as melanopsin isoforms resulting from alternative splicing contributes to the variety in melanopsin-regulated processes. In this review, the diversity in melanopsin-induced signaling, regulation of melanopsin activity by phosphorylation and regulation of melanopsin mRNA are discussed.

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Sensor Devices Inspired by the Five Senses: A Review

Svechtarova¹,

Buzzacchera²,

Toebes³

et al. 2016

Electroanalysis

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1IntroductionWearable sensor technology is at the forefront of popular media and at the same time is the subject of intense activity in the scientific world. Thes cientificallyd rivenq uantified self focuseso nc ollecting data on the human state to gather information to improve quality of life,t he more extreme end of the spectrume ncompasses biohacktivism and the post-humanist grinderm ovementa dvocating the use of DIY implants to augment the human body to at ranshuman state. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].T he focus of the current state of the mainstreama rt rests in augmenting the body with ar ange of relatively simplistica rtificial sensors such as temperature,a ccelerometers for posture and motion, electrocardiology,a nd basic chemical sensors sucha sg lucose monitors.I nf act the body is already at reasure-trove of informationa nd integrated sensor systems that are waitingt ob et apped by the next generation of wearable sensor devices.T he human brain like am odern computer or smartphone,c an process thousands of signals from various inputs in an instant. These primary senses were first definedb yA ristotle in Sense and Sensebilia [14] however it was rather Plato in Theateus that first postulated to humansa nd animals being an etwork of "perceptions" when Socratess tatedt hat "The nameless ones are unlimited in number, but those which have been given names are extremely numerous" [15].J ust as am odern smartphone incorporates multiple sensors such as gyroscope, accelerometer, magnetometer and barometers in concert to accurately determine,a ggregate and presents implified locationa nd orientation information to the end user each of the five traditional perceptionsa re the result of multiple sensory functionsw ithin the human body.Fort he purpose of thisr eview we classify the multitude of sensory systems into the Aristotle model of five key senses used to gather information about the outside world. Theh uman body represents an immense source of data collection aggregation and archiving relating to surroundings,b iochemical and temporal processes that allow the brain to understand the environment and its effecto n the body in real time.T he potential to access such ah uge reservoir of data that can be captured from existing bodily sensor systems is the next greatest challengei n sensor development. Rather than develop ever more complicated sensor devices the biggest challenge is how to interface with the existing bodily data streams and harvestt his information to aid in diagnostics,h ealth and wellbeing.Between detectiona nd conscious sensationt herei so ne more essential step that holds the key to accessing the human big data set:d igitalization. In computer terms this is what happens between the first tap of ak ey on ak eyboard and its visualization on the computers creen.W ith computers the processi sr elatively simple,p ushingakey simply closes ac ircuit generating ac urrentt hat travels to the processing unit, where its unique pattern is decoded and translated to the character [16].Inthe b...

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Loss of Gq/11 Genes Does Not Abolish Melanopsin Phototransduction

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Retinal Attachment Instability Is Diversified among Mammalian Melanopsins

Retinal Attachment Instability Is Diversified among Mammalian Melanopsins

Regulation of Melanopsin Signaling: Key Interactions of the Nonvisual Photopigment

Sensor Devices Inspired by the Five Senses: A Review

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