Loss of Dendrite Spines as an Index of Pre-Synaptic Terminal Patterns

Globus, Albert; Scheibel, Arnold B.

doi:10.1038/212463a0

Cited by 129 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that during long periods of survival after eye removal or lid suture (up to 1 year), a reduction in the number of neurons (22), synaptic contacts (22), and dendritic spines (23,24) (27), the monoamines serotonin and norepinephrine (28,29), and the glutamate-generating enzyme glutaminase (30). Thus, kinase expression appears to occur independently of any one transmitter system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoreactivity for a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase is selectively increased in macaque striate cortex after monocular deprivation.

Hendry¹,

Kennedy²

1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

147

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoreactivity for a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase is selectively increased in macaque striate cortex after monocular deprivation.

Hendry¹,

Kennedy²

1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

147

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“…Several histologic studies have shown that transneuronal changes might also occur in the visual cortex in the presence of lesions of the lateral geniculate body or after eye removal, especially in young animals (14). Globus et al (15) found a statistically significant loss of dendritic spines on the apical dendrites of certain pyramidal cells in the visual cortex after eye enucleation in rabbits and mice. These earlier investigators claimed that it was difficult to distinguish transneuronal degeneration from disuse, and that electromicroscopic findings were necessary to discriminate between them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MR Changes in the Calcarine Area Resulting From Retinal Degeneration

Kitajima¹,

Korogi²,

Hirai³

et al. 1999

Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology

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PURPOSE:To study MR images for atrophic changes in the calcarine area resulting from retinal degeneration. METHODS: MR images from nine patients with retinal degeneration confirmed by ophthalmologic examination and from 30 healthy volunteers were reviewed. The causes of retinal degeneration were hereditary pigmentary degeneration of the retina (four patients), high myopia (two patients), and chorioretinal atrophy (three patients); all patients had visual disturbances and visual field abnormalities. To estimate the morphological changes of the calcarine area, the widths of the right and left calcarine fissures were measured on T1-weighted sagittal images and compared with images from age-matched control subjects. RESULTS: The calcarine fissures were significantly dilated in the patients with retinal degeneration. The anterior and middle points, which represent the peripheral visual field center, were more dilated than the posterior point. CONCLU-SION: The MR findings suggested calcarine atrophy related to retinal degeneration. Transneuronal degenerative changes may occur in the calcarine area after retinal degeneration. The visual pathway from the retina to the striate cortex consists of three fibers. The first neuron contains a layer of bipolar and ganglion cells in the retina, the second neuron connects the ganglion cell layer and the lateral geniculate body, and the third neuron connects the lateral geniculate body and the striate cortex. Many earlier studies have shown that these neuroanatomic characteristics produce histologic changes in specific regions of the visual pathway, defined as transneuronal degeneration, caused by lesions of the retina and optic nerve (1, 2). Other studies have shown that distinct histologic changes in the visual cortex occur after removal of an eye, and that degeneration of the retina occurs after occipital ablation in animals (3, 4). Similarly, it is thought that histologic changes in the striate cortex appear as a consequence of retinal degeneration in humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in the calcarine area resulting from retinal degeneration. Materials and MethodsMR images were reviewed in nine patients (four women and five men; 52 to 80 years old; mean age, 69 years) with retinal degeneration confirmed by ophthalmologic examination and in 30 age-matched healthy volunteers (eight women and 22 men; 50 to 84 years old, mean age, 68 years). The causes of retinal degeneration were hereditary pigmentary degeneration of the retina (four patients), high myopia (two patients), and chorioretinal atrophy (three patients). All patients had visual disturbances and visual field abnormalities. One patient was examined on a 0.5-T superconductive MR unit, and the remaining eight patients and all the volunteers were studied on a 1.5-T unit. The sagittal T1-weighted MR images were obtained using a spin-echo sequence with imaging parameters of 450 -

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“…Some evidence from humans suggests that structural differences occur in the brain in response to early visual deprivation leading to a reduced grey matter volume in the visual cortex (Noppeney et al 2005). Such morphological differences may be indicative of changes in synaptic density, dendritic spine numbers or axonal arborizations (Globus & Scheibel 1966). Rats experiencing visual deprivation during ontogeny were reported to have a higher neuron density and spine density in the auditory cortex (Ryogu et al 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural consequences of sensory plasticity in guppies

et al. 2010

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Sensory plasticity, whereby individuals compensate for sensory deprivation in one sense by an improvement in the performance of an alternative sense, is a well-documented phenomenon in nature. Despite this, the behavioural and ecological consequences of sensory plasticity have not been addressed. Here we show experimentally that some components (vision and chemoreception) of the sensory system of guppies are developmentally plastic, and that this plasticity has important consequences for foraging behaviour. Guppies reared under low light conditions had a significantly stronger response to chemical food cues encountered in isolation than fish reared at higher light levels. Conversely, they exhibited a weaker response to visual-only cues. When visual and olfactory/gustatory cues were presented together, no difference between the strength of response for fish reared at different light intensities was evident. Our data suggest that guppies can compensate for experience of a visually poor, low light environment via a sensory switch from vision to olfaction/ gustation. This switch from sight to chemoreception may allow individuals to carry out the foraging behaviour that is essential to their survival in a visually poor environment. These considerations are especially important given the increasing frequency of anthropogenic changes to ecosystems. Compensatory phenotypic plasticity as demonstrated by our study may provide a hitherto unconsidered buffer that could allow animals to perform fundamental behaviours in the face of considerable change to the sensory environment.

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Loss of Dendrite Spines as an Index of Pre-Synaptic Terminal Patterns

Cited by 129 publications

References 6 publications

Immunoreactivity for a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase is selectively increased in macaque striate cortex after monocular deprivation.

Immunoreactivity for a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase is selectively increased in macaque striate cortex after monocular deprivation.

MR Changes in the Calcarine Area Resulting From Retinal Degeneration

Behavioural consequences of sensory plasticity in guppies

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