Loss of correlation between HIV viral load and CD4+ T-cell counts in HIV/HTLV-1 co-infection in treatment naïve Mozambican patients

Bhatt, Nilesh; Gudo, Eduardo Samo; Semá, Cynthia; Bila, Dulce; Mattei, Paola; Augusto, Orvalho; Garsia, Roger; Jani, Ilesh

doi:10.1258/ijsa.2008.008401

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This value is slightly higher than the 4.1% prevalence of HTLV-I in HIV co-infected patients in Maputo, Mozambique. 9 Although the serologic testing used in the current study did not distinguish between HTLV-I and HTLV-II, worldwide distribution strongly suggests that most infections in this region of southern Africa are HTLV-I, 10 and studies in Mozambique have not found HTLV-II. 11 Apart from tuberculosis, the relation of these co-infections to HIV pathogenesis and progression is largely unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Alterations in T Cell Subsets in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Adults with Co-infections in Southern Mozambique

Naniche

Letang²,

Nhampossa³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. T cell activation and depletion of naive T cells are hallmarks of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathogenesis. This study explored the relationships between certain co-infections (including syphilis, hepatitis B and C, human T cell lymphotrophic viruses I and II [HTLV-I/II], Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus [KSHV], Plasmodium falciparum malaria, and tuberculosis), and levels of activated CD8 and CD4 T cell subsets as well as naive and memory CD4 T cells in HIV-infected adults in a rural area of southern Mozambique. We found that syphilis infection and to a lesser extent HTLV-I/II seropositivity were independently associated with higher CD8 T cell activation (CD8+ CD38+ HLA-DR+) whereas only syphilis was associated with higher CD4 T cell activation. Furthermore, KSHV and HTLV-I/II seropositivities were independently associated with a lower percentage of naive CD4 T cells (CD4+ CD45RA+ CD62L+). These results highlight the importance of screening and prompt treatment of syphilis, and raise questions as to whether HIV-positive persons with certain chronic viral co-infections should initiate combined antiretroviral therapy at higher CD4 cell counts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Alterations in T Cell Subsets in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Adults with Co-infections in Southern Mozambique

Naniche

Letang²,

Nhampossa³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…A study on 752 individuals attending public heath centers from different areas of this country found a seroprevalence of 2.3% with geographical regional variation (Caterino-de-Araujo et al, 2010). Furthermore, some cases of TSP/HAM have been reported in Mozambique (Engelbrecht et al, 1999) and HTLV-1 infection has been seen at a rate of around 4% in HIV infected patients (Bhatt et al, 2009). The estimation of the number of HTLV-1 infected persons can be done only for Mozambique (Table 2).…”

Section: Htlv-1 Worldwide Distribution and Prevalence Estimates By Gementioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Aspects and World Distribution of HTLV-1 Infection

Gessain¹,

Cassar²

2012

Front. Microbio.

1,142

1,152

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The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), identified as the first human oncogenic retrovirus 30 years ago, is not an ubiquitous virus. HTLV-1 is present throughout the world, with clusters of high endemicity located often nearby areas where the virus is nearly absent. The main HTLV-1 highly endemic regions are the Southwestern part of Japan, sub-Saharan Africa and South America, the Caribbean area, and foci in Middle East and Australo-Melanesia. The origin of this puzzling geographical or rather ethnic repartition is probably linked to a founder effect in some groups with the persistence of a high viral transmission rate. Despite different socio-economic and cultural environments, the HTLV-1 prevalence increases gradually with age, especially among women in all highly endemic areas. The three modes of HTLV-1 transmission are mother to child, sexual transmission, and transmission with contaminated blood products. Twenty years ago, de Thé and Bomford estimated the total number of HTLV-1 carriers to be 10–20 millions people. At that time, large regions had not been investigated, few population-based studies were available and the assays used for HTLV-1 serology were not enough specific. Despite the fact that there is still a lot of data lacking in large areas of the world and that most of the HTLV-1 studies concern only blood donors, pregnant women, or different selected patients or high-risk groups, we shall try based on the most recent data, to revisit the world distribution and the estimates of the number of HTLV-1 infected persons. Our best estimates range from 5–10 millions HTLV-1 infected individuals. However, these results were based on only approximately 1.5 billion of individuals originating from known HTLV-1 endemic areas with reliable available epidemiological data. Correct estimates in other highly populated regions, such as China, India, the Maghreb, and East Africa, is currently not possible, thus, the current number of HTLV-1 carriers is very probably much higher.

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“…[11] What is, however, less controversial and perhaps of greater relevance is the effect of HTLV-1 on T-lymphocytes, and in particular, its association with CD4 + lymphocytosis in HIV-1 co-infected patients. [12,13] [12] A recent study in Mozambique demonstrated that co-infected pre-HAART adult patients were seven times more likely to have CD4 + counts >500 cells/μl (median 525 cells/μl) than HIV mono-infected patients. [13] However, as these CD4 + cells are likely to be functionally altered, associated with a loss of naive cells and a higher activation pattern, CD4 + lymphocyte counts in HIV-1/ HTLV-1 co-infected patients cannot be considered to be a reliable marker of immunological competence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12,13] [12] A recent study in Mozambique demonstrated that co-infected pre-HAART adult patients were seven times more likely to have CD4 + counts >500 cells/μl (median 525 cells/μl) than HIV mono-infected patients. [13] However, as these CD4 + cells are likely to be functionally altered, associated with a loss of naive cells and a higher activation pattern, CD4 + lymphocyte counts in HIV-1/ HTLV-1 co-infected patients cannot be considered to be a reliable marker of immunological competence. [12] Furthermore, CD4 + counts can be dramatically raised on account of ATLL (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive HIV infection in the presence of a raised CD4+ count: HIV/HTLV-1 co-infection

Mazanderani

Ebrahim

2013

South. Afr. j. HIV med.

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There are a number of pathophysiological causes for a normal or raised CD4 count in the context of progressive HIV infection. These include various co-infections, previous splenectomy, and lymphoproliferative disorders. Such circumstances can both confound HIV diagnosis and delay initiation of chemoprophylaxis and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We describe the case of a patient co-infected with HIV and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) who, prior to HAART initiation, was found to have progressive immune deficiency associated with a raised CD4 count.

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Loss of correlation between HIV viral load and CD4+ T-cell counts in HIV/HTLV-1 co-infection in treatment naïve Mozambican patients

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Alterations in T Cell Subsets in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Adults with Co-infections in Southern Mozambique

Alterations in T Cell Subsets in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Adults with Co-infections in Southern Mozambique

Epidemiological Aspects and World Distribution of HTLV-1 Infection

Progressive HIV infection in the presence of a raised CD4+ count: HIV/HTLV-1 co-infection

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