Loss of Cholinergic and Dopaminergic Amacrine Cells in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rat and Ins2<sup>Akita</sup>-Diabetic Mouse Retinas

Gastinger, Matthew J.; Singh, Ravi Shankar; Barber, Alistair J.

doi:10.1167/iovs.05-1376

Cited by 216 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Immunohistochemistry was performed for CM-1, a marker for the activated form of caspase-3, which only appears in cells undergoing apoptosis. The study revealed a similar magnitude increase in CM-1 positive cells compared to that measured by TUNEL [1]. Many of the CM-1 positive cells appeared spatially distinct from blood vessels, which were identified by immunoreactivity for a vascular basement membrane protein called agrin, which is abundant in the retinal vasculature [19].…”

Section: The Retinal Cell Death Involves Several Types Of Neuronssupporting

confidence: 60%

Diabetic retinopathy: recent advances towards understanding neurodegeneration and vision loss

Barber

2015

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common retinal diseases world-wide. It has a complex pathology that involves the vasculature of the inner retina and breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. Extensive research has determined that DR is not only a vascular disease but also has a neurodegenerative component and that essentially all types of cells in the retina are affected, leading to chronic loss of visual function. A great deal of work using animal models of DR has established the loss of neurons and pathology of other cell types, including supporting glial cells. There has also been an increased emphasis on measuring retinal function in the models, as well as further validation and extension of the animal studies by clinical and translational research. This article will attempt to summarize the more recent developments in research towards understanding the complexities of retinal neurodegeneration and functional vision loss in DR. retina, diabetes, neurodegeneration, visual function, vascular function, apoptosis, synapse, dendrite Citation:Barber AJ. Diabetic retinopathy: recent advances towards understanding neurodegeneration and vision loss.

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Section: The Retinal Cell Death Involves Several Types Of Neuronssupporting

confidence: 60%

Diabetic retinopathy: recent advances towards understanding neurodegeneration and vision loss

Barber

2015

Sci. China Life Sci.

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“…The obvious question to ask here is whether the transient coexpression of these two neurofilament proteins not only stabilizes the dendrites of starburst amacrines and ganglion cells but also somehow promotes their mutual recognition. In the long term we are aiming to clarify whether the expression of different combinations of neurofilament proteins in the retina has anything to do with the selective vulnerability of certain of the neuronal classes which, for example, has been observed during diabetic retinopathy (Park et al, 2003b;Gastinger et al, 2006;Kern and Barber, 2008).…”

Section: "Starburst" Amacrine Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early development of the nervous system of the eutherian <i>Tupaia belangeri</i>

Knabe¹,

Washausen²

2015

Primate Biol.

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Abstract. The longstanding debate on the taxonomic status of Tupaia belangeri (Tupaiidae, Scandentia, Mammalia) has persisted in times of molecular biology and genetics. But way beyond that Tupaia belangeri has turned out to be a valuable and widely accepted animal model for studies in neurobiology, stress research, and virology, among other topics. It is thus a privilege to have the opportunity to provide an overview on selected aspects of neural development and neuroanatomy in Tupaia belangeri on the occasion of this special issue dedicated to Hans-Jürg Kuhn. Firstly, emphasis will be given to the optic system. We report rather "unconventional" findings on the morphogenesis of photoreceptor cells, and on the presence of capillary-contacting neurons in the tree shrew retina. Thereafter, network formation among directionally selective retinal neurons and optic chiasm development are discussed. We then address the main and accessory olfactory systems, the terminal nerve, the pituitary gland, and the cerebellum of Tupaia belangeri. Finally, we demonstrate how innovative 3-D reconstruction techniques helped to decipher and interpret so-far-undescribed, strictly spatiotemporally regulated waves of apoptosis and proliferation which pass through the early developing forebrain and eyes, midbrain and hindbrain, and through the panplacodal primordium which gives rise to all ectodermal placodes. Based on examples, this paper additionally wants to show how findings gained from the reported projects have influenced current neuroembryological and, at least partly, medical research.

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“…A similar approach could be applied to other retinal diseases, particularly those with known cell-based dysfunctions. There is accumulating evidence that diabetic retinopathy compromises distinct components of the neurovascular unit, such as astrocytes, pericytes, and cholinergic amacrine cells [54,56]; optogenetics could target these cells to supplement their health and function.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging Optogenetic-Based Neurovascular Circuit Characterization for Repair

2016

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Optogenetic techniques are a powerful tool for determining the role of individual functional components within complex neural circuits. By genetically targeting specific cell types, neural mechanisms can be actively manipulated to gain a better understanding of their origin and function, both in health and disease. The potential of optogenetics is not limited to answering biological questions, as it is also a promising therapeutic approach for neurological diseases. An important prerequisite for this approach is to have an identified target with a uniquely defined role within a given neural circuit. Here, we examine the retinal neurovascular unit, a circuit that incorporates neurons and vascular cells to control blood flow in the retina. We highlight the role of a specific cell type, the cholinergic amacrine cell, in modulating vascular cells, and demonstrate how this can be targeted and controlled with optogenetics. A better understanding of these mechanisms will not only extend our understanding of neurovascular interactions in the brain, but ultimately may also provide new targets to treat vision loss in a variety of retinal diseases.

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Loss of Cholinergic and Dopaminergic Amacrine Cells in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rat and Ins2^Akita-Diabetic Mouse Retinas

Abstract: Dopaminergic and cholinergic amacrine cells are lost during the early stages of retinal neuropathy in diabetes. Loss of these neurons may play a critical role in the development of visual deficits in diabetes.

Cited by 216 publications

References 46 publications

Diabetic retinopathy: recent advances towards understanding neurodegeneration and vision loss

Diabetic retinopathy: recent advances towards understanding neurodegeneration and vision loss

Early development of the nervous system of the eutherian <i>Tupaia belangeri</i>

Leveraging Optogenetic-Based Neurovascular Circuit Characterization for Repair

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Loss of Cholinergic and Dopaminergic Amacrine Cells in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rat and Ins2Akita-Diabetic Mouse Retinas

Abstract: Dopaminergic and cholinergic amacrine cells are lost during the early stages of retinal neuropathy in diabetes. Loss of these neurons may play a critical role in the development of visual deficits in diabetes.

Cited by 216 publications

References 46 publications

Diabetic retinopathy: recent advances towards understanding neurodegeneration and vision loss

Diabetic retinopathy: recent advances towards understanding neurodegeneration and vision loss

Early development of the nervous system of the eutherian &lt;i&gt;Tupaia belangeri&lt;/i&gt;

Leveraging Optogenetic-Based Neurovascular Circuit Characterization for Repair

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Product

Resources

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Loss of Cholinergic and Dopaminergic Amacrine Cells in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rat and Ins2^Akita-Diabetic Mouse Retinas

Early development of the nervous system of the eutherian <i>Tupaia belangeri</i>