Loss of blood CD11c+ myeloid and CD11c−plasmacytoid dendritic cells in patients with HIV-1 infection correlates with HIV-1 RNA virus load

Abstract

Human blood contains at least 2 subpopulations of antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) that can be differentiated by their expression of CD11c. Myeloid DCs (myDCs), which are CD11c ؉ , trap invading pathogens in the tissues and then migrate to lymphoid tissues where they stimulate pathogenspecific T-cell responses. Plasmacytoid DCs (pcDCs), which are CD11c ؊ , secrete interferon-␣ in response to viral infections. This study reports that in HIV-1 infection there is a progressive depletion of both these DC populations and that this correlates with an increasing HIV-1 plasma virus load. The median numbers of myDCs and pcDCs were 6978/mL and 9299/mL, respectively, in healthy male controls and 2298/mL and 1640/mL, respectively, in patients with more than 10 5 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL. Both DC populations expressed CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4. The findings suggest that loss of DCs in HIV infection may contribute to disease progression.

Local and Systemic Effects of Intranodally Injected CpG-C Immunostimulatory-Oligodeoxyribonucleotides in Macaques

“…Some reports suggest that DC (27,28,30,31,85,86) and B cell (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)44) functions are altered during HIV infection. This emphasizes the need to identify ways to boost DC and B cell activities that will work in both naive and infected settings to maximally enhance the efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines and more effectively limit HIV spread.…”

“…Increased IFN-␣ production following C274 injection also represents important innate response that might help limit HIV infection via direct and indirect means. Solid IFN-␣ and IL-12 responses (deficient in HIV infection (27,28,(103)(104)(105)(106)) that are induced by C274 would be expected to further encourage DC-B cell interactions as well as improved Th1 stimulatory capacity (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)47). Although we did not observe plasma cell differentiation or Ab secretion in vitro under these conditions, future studies will need to explore whether C274 can augment macaque plasma cell differentiation (in vitro or in vivo) in combination with Ag to trigger the specific BCR (47).…”

“…Reduced numbers of circulating DCs have been reported in HIVinfected people, correlating with increased virus load (27)(28)(29)(30)(31), suggesting possible redistribution of DCs from the periphery to the lymphoid tissues. However, the number of interdigitating DCs is reduced in patients with AIDS (32).…”

CCR6/CCL20 chemokine axis in human immunodeficiency virus immunity and pathogenesis

“…This is negatively correlated with the concentration of plasma CCL20 [61] and HIV viral load [62]. This has led to some authors to speculate that the CCR6/CCL20 axis plays a role in recruitment of DCs to key immunological sites [61].…”

Avaliação da resposta tecidual "in situ" do fenótipo, da expressão de HHV-8/LANA e de citocinas em lesões cutâneas de sarcoma de Kaposi clássico e sarcoma de Kaposi associado à AIDS na era pré e pós-terapia anti-retroviral combinada

“…A participação dessas células na patogênese do SK tem sido demonstrada por outros autores (Pyakurel et al, 2004;Hussein, 2007), (Donaghy et al, 2001;Pacanowski et al, 2001), outros demonstraram que essa diminuição de populações celulares de origem distinta não ocorre concomitantemente (Grassi et al, 1999;Soumelis et al, 2001).…”