Loss of 2,4-D in Washoff from Cultivated Fallow Land

Barnett, A. P.; Hauser, E. W.; White, A. W.; Holladay, J. H.

doi:10.2307/4041183

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…It is important to know the herbicides impact on the environment, particularly the effects of herbicides in the aquatic ecosystem. There are some indications that some quantities of herbicides which are applied to agricultural lands are ultimately carried by runoff water, erosion or leachate (6). Picloram is considered to be one of the most promising herbicides presently used for brush control in agricultural and non-agricultural areas.…”

Section: Chapter II Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Picloram was one of the herbicides they used at the rate of 1.12 to 2.24 kg/ha in an Irving clay loam. 6 Most of the studies involving herbicides and algae interactions were mainly intended for screening herbicide activity and for studies on their mode of action; thus, very few if any studies were designed to study the algae as a non-target recipient of the herbicides which drain into water systems as a runoff or leachate from agricultural lands. Some workers who utilize algae for their bioassay in screening purposes have evaluated the phytotoxicity of certain herbicides.…”

Section: Chapter II Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of nutrient, pH and herbicide levels on algal growth

1981

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Section: Chapter II Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chapter II Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of nutrient, pH and herbicide levels on algal growth

1981

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“…Phenoxy acids are lost from the field mainly by microbial degradation (Upchurch, 1972), although some loss can occur through volatilization, photolysis, and lateral surface movement in water. These are considered minor dissipation pathways (Barnett et al, 1967). Dichlorprop has been reported to degrade completely in soil within 31 d, with a half‐life of 6.6 d (Garrison et al, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Degradation Studies of Bentazone, Dichlorprop, MCPA, and Propiconazole in Norwegian Soils

Thorstensen¹,

Lode²

2001

J of Env Quality

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Laboratory degradation studies were performed in Norwegian soils using two commercial formulations (Tilt and Triagran-P) containing either propiconazole alone or a combination of bentazone, dichlorprop, and MCPA. These soils included a fine sandy loam from Hole and a loam from Kroer, both of which are representative of Norwegian agricultural soils. The third soil was a highly decomposed organic material from the Froland forest. A fourth soil from the Skuterud watershed was used only for propiconazole degradation. After 84 d, less than 0.1% of the initial MCPA concentration remained in all three selected soils. For dichlorprop, the same results were found for the fine sandy loam and the organic-rich soil, but in the loam, 26% of the initial concentration remained. After 84 d, less than 0.1% of the initial concentration of bentazone remained in the organic-rich soil, but in the loam and the fine sandy loam 52 and 69% remained, respectively. Propiconazole was shown to be different from the other pesticides by its persistence. Amounts of initial concentration remaining varied from 40, 70, and 82% in the reference soils after 84 d for the organic-rich soil, fine sandy loam, and loam, respectively. The organic-rich soil showed the highest capacity to decompose all four pesticides. The results from the agricultural soils and the Skuterud watershed showed that the persistence of propiconazole was high. Pesticide degradation was approximated to first-order kinetics. Slow rates of degradation, where more than 50% of the pesticide remained in the soil after the 84-d duration of the experiment, did not fit well with first-order kinetics.

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“…Water soluble herbicides have a much greater potential of being lost in water runoff, whereas, non-water soluble herbicides often have an affinity for soil particles and will most likely be lost in the sediment portion of runoff. An example of formulation influences on pesticide runoff is observed with ester and amine salt based herbicides (Barnett et al, 1967). The amine salt, which is water soluble, rapidly dissolves in water and can be leached into the soil or moved by the water phase of a runoff event.…”

Section: Time (Days After Application) Runoff Herbicide Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%