Loss increase for optical fibers exposed to hydrogen atmosphere

Noguchi, Keisuke; Shibata, Nori; Uesugi, Naoshi; Negishi, Y.

doi:10.1109/jlt.1985.1074175

Cited by 42 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Figure Where L is the hydrogen loss at the fiber-core center. L sat is the saturated value of L. is the ith root, which depends on the zeroth order Bessel function, D H is diffusivity of hydrogen into silica [6], t is hydrogen loading that hydrogen molecule penetrate to cladding area, t cladding is hydrogen loading time for hydrogen molecule penetrate to core area, and b is the fiber radius. .…”

Section: Results and Disscussionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The study of effects of hydrogen loading time to the photosensitivity in optical fiber in term of writing time

Rutthongjan

Sudwilai

Tangmettajittakul³

2015

2015 20th Microoptics Conference (MOC)

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To improve productivity of FBG fabrication, improvement of hydrogen loading time is a good option. Hydrogen loading time is an important parameter that effect to photosensitivity and productivity of FBG preparing process. In this paper, studied effect of hydrogen loading time to writing time. The stability of writing time was evaluated from the relation of hydrogen loading time and hydrogen absorption loss. Finally, evaluate writing time at writing process. 1.IntroductionThe Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is used in several applications such as in fiber laser, optical amplifiers, fiber sensing, and Dispersion compensator [1]. Hydrogen loading technique have been implemented to FBG fabrication process to enhance the photosensitivity [2] of fiber optics at FBG writing process. The advantage of photosensitivity is to reduce writing time at high reflection of FBG application. However, FBG wavelength will shift to shorter wavelength during fabrication from hydrogen diffusion [3,4].Photosensitivity depend on hydrogen concentration in fiber core. The parameter that effect to the hydrogen concentration consist of three factors, hydrogen loading pressure, hydrogen loading time, and hydrogen loading temperature.In this paper, the effects of hydrogen loading time to the photosensitivity of fiber at writing process will be studied in terms of the writing time. ExperimentsIn this research, The hydrogen concentration in fiber core were varied from the different of hydrogen loading time at 72, 120, and 240 hours. Hydrogen loading pressure was controlled at 13 MPa for all three hydrogen loading conditions. Polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) type was used for testing. Hydrogen absorption loss technique was used to evaluate hydrogen concentration in fiber core [5].As the result of the experiment is shown in Fig. 1, the hydrogen absorption loss peak around 1240 nm at hydrogen loading time are 72, 120 and 240 hours. The result revealed that hydrogen loading time is long effect to hydrogen concentration in fiber is high. However, hydrogen absorption loss of hydrogen loading time at 120 and 240 hours were similar manner when compare with hydrogen loading time at 72 hours. Therefore, hydrogen loading time at 72 and 120 were selected to writing process to evaluate the writing time effect. Fig. 1. Hydrogen absorption loss peak around 1240 nm at hydrogen loading time 72, 120, and 240 hours. Results and disscussionsTo evaluate the writing time, fiber were loaded hydrogen pressure on range 12.5 to 13 MPa. Hydrogen loading time were varied at 72 and 120 hours. UV laser was used to inscribe FBG with phase mask technique. Reflectivity control on same range. Laser power also was controlled for both hydrogen loading time. Fig. 2 The distribution of writing time at 72 and 120 hours.

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Section: Results and Disscussionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The study of effects of hydrogen loading time to the photosensitivity in optical fiber in term of writing time

Rutthongjan

Sudwilai

Tangmettajittakul³

2015

2015 20th Microoptics Conference (MOC)

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“…Hydrogen has been found to create increased attenuation in optical fiber, known as hydrogen darkening. This was established in the 1980s when undersea communication systems were being developed 6 . In an oil or gas well, hydrogen is derived from various sources including: as a natural component of the atmosphere, electro-chemical reactions of the metallic components in a cable, water molecules within the cable, evolution of hydrogen from organic materials in the fiber and cable and hydrogen sulphide present within oil wells.…”

Section: The Type Of Optical Corementioning

confidence: 99%

A polarisation maintaining fiber optimized for high temperature gyroscopes

et al. 2015

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Fiber optic gyroscopes (FOGs) are being used within increasingly severe environments, requiring operational temperatures in excess of the standard operating range for FOGs. Applications requiring these higher temperatures include: directional drilling of wells in oil and gas fields, space applications and military FOG applications. This paper will describe the relative merits of two high temperature acrylate coatings for an optical fiber designed for a FOG in such operating environments.Results for two high temperature acrylates are presented, tested in a 200m length of loose wound fiber, coiled and supported at 75mm diameter, in line with TIA/EIA- . It can be seen that both coating types give very good polarization extinction ratio (PER) performance at high temperature up to 180 o C, with better performance shown by one coating type on the low temperature side, since it does not harden to the same extent below 0 o C.The long term thermal exposure effects will be discussed and experimental results presented which include testing the PER performance over temperature both before and after an extended period of high temperature endurance. This will demonstrate the relative merits of different styles of coatings. From the PER performance, the h-parameter of the fiber can be calculated and hence the preferred coating type selected and recommended for the customer operating environment.

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“…[49][50][51] Core compositions near to the hosts used for erbium doped fiber Ge02, P205 and 2O3 have been shown to react rapidly with H2 forming an OH related absorption near l400nm, a concern for the 1480nm pumped amplifiers. The rates of OH formation in Er doped Ge02-A1203-Si02 have been observed to be 106times higher than typical communication span fiber with a GeOH absorption peak at 1430nm which could readily degrade the performance of an amplifier (Figure 9).…”

Section: H2 Induced Losses In Er Doped Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Defect engineering in doped silica fiber: are there good and bad defects?

et al. 1994

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The defect driven properties of erbium doped fiber amplifier devices are reviewed examining the role of the host dopants aluminum, phosphorus and germanium, typically used in these applications. The effects of added loss on the performance of amplifiers are shown by way of modeling.Measurements of the gamma and UV radiation induced absorption are presented to show the generic host gi ass composition effects on radiation induced loss and their relative magnitude.In contrast to these bad' defects, the UV induced effects in H2 impregnated fiber are discussed in their role as 'good" defects, allowing the more efficient writing of UV induced gratings.

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Loss increase for optical fibers exposed to hydrogen atmosphere

Cited by 42 publications

References 11 publications

The study of effects of hydrogen loading time to the photosensitivity in optical fiber in term of writing time

The study of effects of hydrogen loading time to the photosensitivity in optical fiber in term of writing time

A polarisation maintaining fiber optimized for high temperature gyroscopes

Defect engineering in doped silica fiber: are there good and bad defects?

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