Loss compensation of extraordinary optical transmission

Beijnum, Frerik van; Veldhoven, P.J. van; Geluk, E.J.; Hooft, G. W. ’t; Exter, M. P. van

doi:10.1063/1.4865416

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The A and B band indeed becomes extremely faint and disappears close to the surface normal. The overall labeling is also supported by optical transmission spectra, recorded with white light incident along the surface normal, which only show the resonance of the (radiative) C band but not those of the (non-radiative) B and A bands [20].…”

Section: Comparison Experiments and Theorymentioning

confidence: 74%

Surface plasmon dispersion in metal hole array lasers

Exter¹,

Tenner²,

Beijnum³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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We experimentally study surface plasmon lasing in a series of metal hole arrays on a gold-semiconductor interface. The sub-wavelength holes are arranged in square arrays of which we systematically vary the lattice constant and hole size. The semiconductor medium is optically pumped and operates at telecom wavelengths (λ ~ 1.5 μm). For all 9 studied arrays, we observe surface plasmon (SP) lasing close to normal incidence, where different lasers operate in different plasmonic bands and at different wavelengths. Angle- and frequency-resolved measurements of the spontaneous emission visualizes these bands over the relevant (ω, k||) range. The observed bands are accurately described by a simple coupled-wave model, which enables us to quantify the backwards and right-angle scattering of SPs at the holes in the metal film.

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Section: Comparison Experiments and Theorymentioning

confidence: 74%

Surface plasmon dispersion in metal hole array lasers

Exter¹,

Tenner²,

Beijnum³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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“…At the threshold, the net gain in the center is ∼340 cm −1 . The required material intensity gain is the sum of the net gain and the ohmic loss of our device with transparent InP 24 (270 cm −1 ), divided by the confinement factor in the gain layer 15 (0.32), and it is around 2000 cm −1 , which is a reasonable number for a semiconductor operated at high carrier densities. 29,30 For completeness we note that we have used a onedimensional model to describe a two-(or even three)-dimensional system.…”

Section: Acs Photonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These applications include ultrasensitive molecule sensors (SERS), anticounterfeiting measures, perfect absorbers, ultrafast optical modulators, and future metal–dielectric metamaterials consisting of arrays of plasmonic subwavelength elements. , The strong plasmonic response of passive media is accompanied by ohmic loss due to scattering of the free electrons in the material. Adding media with active gain can resolve this issue, − and overcompensation typically leads to laser action, as has been demonstrated in two-dimensional metal particle arrays and metal hole arrays …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Phase and Intensity Profile of Surface Plasmon Laser Emission

2016

Self Cite

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ABSTRACT:We study the near-and far-field radiation patterns of surface plasmon (SP) lasers in metal hole arrays and observe radially polarized vortex-vector laser beams in both near and far field. Besides the intensity profile, also the complementary phase profile is obtained with a beam block experiment, where we block part of the beam in the near field, measure the resulting changes in the far field, and retrieve the phase using an iterative algorithm. This phase profile provides valuable information on the feedback mechanisms and coherence of the laser and shows that our SP laser operates in a phaseslip mode instead of a pure dark mode. To explain our observations, we extend the standard model for distributed feedback lasers by introducing a position dependence in the optical gain and refractive index. KEYWORDS: surface plasmon laser, distributed feedback, phase retrieval, metal hole array, plasmonic crystal laser, active mirror O ptically coherent laser radiation can be generated if both gain and optical feedback are present in a medium. Our physical understanding of these phenomena originates from comparisons between measured intensity distributions and models of both the amplitude and the phase of the radiation. The optical phase is typically discarded because it evolves too fast to resolve directly with an optical detector or a camera. The inability to measure both amplitude and phase of the emitted laser radiation presents a recurring challenge in optics and limits progress in the field.More ingenious schemes are needed to observe the phase using slow detectors. One of the simplest schemes uses the mixing of the amplitude and phase information on the light field upon propagation. At the laser exit the amplitude contains information where the light is emitted, while the phase profile contains information about the propagation direction. Recording the intensity distribution on different positions allows retrieval of the phase information by an iterative algorithm. 1−3The ability to resolve both amplitude and phase is particularly relevant for lasers that emit nonstandard beam profiles that are not yet fully understood. Examples of such lasers are surface-emitting distributed feedback lasers, such as photonic and plasmonic crystal lasers. Two-dimensional surface-emitting photonic-crystal lasers often emit donut beams with azimuthal polarization, 4 while surface plasmon lasers create radially polarized vector-vortex beams. 5 Devices can be tailored to emit other beam shapes, 6 but information about the phase and amplitude profile is scarce and either has low resolution 7 or an electrical contact blocks the view. 8 A better understanding of gain and feedback in plasmonic systems is important for improving photonics applications that use the strong confinement and light−matter interaction provided by plasmons. These applications include ultrasensitive molecule sensors (SERS), 9 anticounterfeiting measures, 10 perfect absorbers, 11 ultrafast optical modulators, 12 and future metal−dielectric metamaterials consi...

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“…Plasmonic structures consisting of periodic nanohole arrays covered by gain medium have also been demonstrated to produce stimulated emission [16][17][18]. Periodic nanohole arrays can couple light to SPP-Bloch modes and exhibit resonant transmission known as extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient and directional optical Tamm state assisted plasmonic nanolaser with broad tuning range

Ahmed

Talukder

2018

J. Phys. Commun.

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In recent years, nanolasers based on plasmonic crystal nanocavity structures have attracted significant interest. However, the performance of such lasers is affected significantly by the coupling of the lasing emission to both reflection and transmission sides of the device and to multiple spatial modes in the far field due to higher-order diffraction from plasmonic crystals as well. In this work, we propose a nanolaser design that overcomes the performance degradation of plasmonic crystal based nanolasers and increases the emission intensity significantly. In the proposed nanolaser structure, a nanometerthick gain medium has a one-dimensional photonic crystal on one side and a metal nanohole array on the other side. An incident pump pulse through the one-dimensional photonic crystal excites optical Tamm states at the metal-gain medium interface that are amplified by the stimulated emission of the gain medium. We find that the intensity of the extraordinary optical transmission through the metal nanohole array increases significantly due to the excitation of optical Tamm states with wavevector perpendicular to the nanohole array surface. We also find that the subwavelength periodicity in the nanohole array confines the lasing emission to the zero-th order mode only, and hence, makes the farfield pattern highly directional. Moreover, the laser emission wavelength can be tuned over a broad range by changing the thicknesses of the photonic crystal layers, gain medium, and in real-time, by changing the angle of incidence of the pump pulse.

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Loss compensation of extraordinary optical transmission

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Surface plasmon dispersion in metal hole array lasers

Surface plasmon dispersion in metal hole array lasers

Measurement of the Phase and Intensity Profile of Surface Plasmon Laser Emission

An efficient and directional optical Tamm state assisted plasmonic nanolaser with broad tuning range

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