Loss and scattering of surface plasmon polaritons on optically-pumped hole arrays

Tenner, Vasco T.; Delft, A N van; Dood, M. J. A. de; Exter, M. P. van

doi:10.1088/2040-8978/16/11/114019

Cited by 11 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Letter and refractive index n 0 = 3.268, 24 corresponding to κL = 8. The calculated near field shown in Figure 3a contains the essential features of Figure 3c: it has two lobes with opposite sign, indicated by a π-phase jump in the center of the device.…”

Section: Acs Photonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Phase and Intensity Profile of Surface Plasmon Laser Emission

2016

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ABSTRACT:We study the near-and far-field radiation patterns of surface plasmon (SP) lasers in metal hole arrays and observe radially polarized vortex-vector laser beams in both near and far field. Besides the intensity profile, also the complementary phase profile is obtained with a beam block experiment, where we block part of the beam in the near field, measure the resulting changes in the far field, and retrieve the phase using an iterative algorithm. This phase profile provides valuable information on the feedback mechanisms and coherence of the laser and shows that our SP laser operates in a phaseslip mode instead of a pure dark mode. To explain our observations, we extend the standard model for distributed feedback lasers by introducing a position dependence in the optical gain and refractive index. KEYWORDS: surface plasmon laser, distributed feedback, phase retrieval, metal hole array, plasmonic crystal laser, active mirror O ptically coherent laser radiation can be generated if both gain and optical feedback are present in a medium. Our physical understanding of these phenomena originates from comparisons between measured intensity distributions and models of both the amplitude and the phase of the radiation. The optical phase is typically discarded because it evolves too fast to resolve directly with an optical detector or a camera. The inability to measure both amplitude and phase of the emitted laser radiation presents a recurring challenge in optics and limits progress in the field.More ingenious schemes are needed to observe the phase using slow detectors. One of the simplest schemes uses the mixing of the amplitude and phase information on the light field upon propagation. At the laser exit the amplitude contains information where the light is emitted, while the phase profile contains information about the propagation direction. Recording the intensity distribution on different positions allows retrieval of the phase information by an iterative algorithm. 1−3The ability to resolve both amplitude and phase is particularly relevant for lasers that emit nonstandard beam profiles that are not yet fully understood. Examples of such lasers are surface-emitting distributed feedback lasers, such as photonic and plasmonic crystal lasers. Two-dimensional surface-emitting photonic-crystal lasers often emit donut beams with azimuthal polarization, 4 while surface plasmon lasers create radially polarized vector-vortex beams. 5 Devices can be tailored to emit other beam shapes, 6 but information about the phase and amplitude profile is scarce and either has low resolution 7 or an electrical contact blocks the view. 8 A better understanding of gain and feedback in plasmonic systems is important for improving photonics applications that use the strong confinement and light−matter interaction provided by plasmons. These applications include ultrasensitive molecule sensors (SERS), 9 anticounterfeiting measures, 10 perfect absorbers, 11 ultrafast optical modulators, 12 and future metal−dielectric metamaterials consi...

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Section: Acs Photonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Phase and Intensity Profile of Surface Plasmon Laser Emission

2016

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“…The layer-stack is designed such that it only supports the TM-like SP-mode. Square hole arrays with a similar layer-stack are described in more detail in refs [9,11,12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SP are excited by spontaneous emission from the optically pumped InGaAs gain layer. The same setup was used in refs [9,11,12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface plasmon dispersion in hexagonal, honeycomb and kagome plasmonic crystals

2016

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We present a systematic experimental study on the optical properties of plasmonic crystals (PlC) with hexagonal symmetry. We compare the dispersion and avoided crossings of surface plasmon modes around the Γ-point of Au-metal hole arrays with a hexagonal, honeycomb and kagome lattice. Symmetry arguments and group theory are used to label the six modes and understand their radiative and dispersive properties. Plasmon-plasmon interaction are accurately described by a coupled mode model, that contains effective scattering amplitudes of surface plasmons on a lattice of air holes under 60• , 120• , and 180• . We determine these rates in the experiment and find that they are dominated by the hole-density and not on the complexity of the unit-cell. Our analysis shows that the observed angle-dependent scattering can be explained by a single-hole model based on electric and magnetic dipoles.

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“…To achieve a low threshold, narrow spectrum, and a controlled radiation pattern, periodic plasmonic structures are preferable. For these reasons, plasmonic distributed feedback (DFB) lasers are being actively investigated . It has been recently demonstrated that the response frequency of a plasmonic DFB laser in a large‐signal modulation scheme can exceed several hundred gigahertz …”

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confidence: 99%

Subharmonic Temporal Response and Spontaneous Breaking of Discrete Time Symmetry in Plasmonic Distributed Feedback Laser

Nefedkin

Zyablovsky

Andrianov

2020

Physica Rapid Research Ltrs

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Distributed feedback (DFB) lasers exploiting plasmonic structures as cavities are basic elements for various applications from sensorics to optoelectronics. Herein, the time response of a plasmonic DFB laser in the small‐signal modulation regime is studied. It is shown that the temporal period of the plasmonic DFB laser response can be equal to an integral multiple of the period of the pumping modulation, i.e., the temporal response can be subharmonic. This behavior of systems with time‐dependent parameters is a manifestation of spontaneous breaking of the discrete time symmetry. The appearance of subharmonic frequencies in the plasmonic DFB laser response is a consequence of synchronization of the beat frequency of the modes of plasmonic structures. Synchronization occurs when this beat frequency is nearly equal to the modulation frequency divided by an integer. It is shown that the ratio of the response period to the pump modulation period is determined by the size of the pumped region in the active medium, and the modulation frequency for the plasmonic DFB laser in the small‐signal modulation regime can reach several terahertz. These facts pave the way for the creation of tunable optoelectronic devices with a controlled temporal response.

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Loss and scattering of surface plasmon polaritons on optically-pumped hole arrays

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Measurement of the Phase and Intensity Profile of Surface Plasmon Laser Emission

Measurement of the Phase and Intensity Profile of Surface Plasmon Laser Emission

Surface plasmon dispersion in hexagonal, honeycomb and kagome plasmonic crystals

Subharmonic Temporal Response and Spontaneous Breaking of Discrete Time Symmetry in Plasmonic Distributed Feedback Laser

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