Löslichkeitsprodukte von Metalloxiden und ‐hydroxiden. 10. Mitteilung. Löslichkeitsprodukte von Zinkoxid, Kupferhydroxid und Kupferoxid in Abhängigkeit von Teilchengrösse und molarer Oberfläche. Ein Beitrag zur Thermodynamik von Grenzflächen fest‐flüssig

Schindler, P.; Althaus, Henrik; Hofer, F.; Minder, W

doi:10.1002/hlca.19650480528

Cited by 56 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, according to Schindler and coworkers, the solubility of ZnO is not only a function of pH [17], but is also influenced by colloid size or specific surface area [18]. After [Zn 2þ ] T increased to a maximum of 3.26 Â 10 À5 M in DI for the ZnO-ENs used in the present study (Fig.…”

Section: à4mentioning

confidence: 92%

Zinc oxide–engineered nanoparticles: Dissolution and toxicity to marine phytoplankton

Miao

Zhang

Luo

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

227

171

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It is now widely recognized that dissolution plays an important role in metallic nanoparticle toxicity, but to what extent remains unclear. In the present study, it was found that ZnO-engineered nanoparticle (ZnO-EN) toxicity to the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana could be solely explained by zinc ion (Zn(2+) ) release. This is based on comparable inhibitive effects from ZnO-EN addition media, with or without the ultrafiltration through a 3-kD membrane, and from the media in which only Zn(2+) was added. Considering the importance of dissolution in ZnO-EN toxicity, Zn(2+) release kinetics was systematically examined under different conditions for the first time. It was found to be mainly influenced by pH as well as the specific surface area of the nanoparticles. In contrast, natural organic compounds either enhance or reduce Zn(2+) release, depending on their chemical composition and concentration. Compared with deionized water, ZnO-EN dissolution rates were accelerated in seawater, whereas ZnO-EN concentration itself only had a very small effect on Zn(2+) release. Therefore, dissolution as affected by several physicochemical factors should not be neglected in the effects, behavior, and fate of ENs in the environment.

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Section: à4mentioning

confidence: 92%

Zinc oxide–engineered nanoparticles: Dissolution and toxicity to marine phytoplankton

Miao

Zhang

Luo

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

227

171

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“…The solid commonly referred to as "Cu(OH) 2 (s)" represents a less well defined, metastable species. [65SAc] are regarded as the most reliable. The restricted range of ionic strengths used in these studies does not allow a SIT regression analysis.…”

Section: The Cu 2+ -Oh -System: Solubility Of Cuo (Tenorite) and Cu(omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The restricted range of ionic strengths used in these studies does not allow a SIT regression analysis. Instead, values at zero ionic strength were calculated by using the values from [65SAc] and the reaction ion interaction coefficient, ∆ε(36 or 37) = 0.04, derived from the values ε(Cu 2+ ,ClO 4 -) = (0.32 ± 0.02) kg mol -1 and ε(H + ,ClO 4 -) = (0.14 ± 0.02) kg mol -1 [97GRE] and assuming that ε(solid phase,Na + ,ClO 4 -) = 0. The following Recommended values were obtained (Table 1) log 10 *K s0°( eq.…”

Section: The Cu 2+ -Oh -System: Solubility Of Cuo (Tenorite) and Cu(omentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical speciation of environmentally significant metals with inorganic ligands Part 2: The Cu2+-OH-, Cl-, CO32-, SO42-, and PO43- systems (IUPAC Technical Report)

Powell

Brown

Byrne

et al. 2007

Pure and Applied Chemistry

165

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Complex formation between CuII and the common environmental ligands Cl-, OH-, CO32-, SO42-, and PO43- can have a significant effect on CuII speciation in natural waters with low concentrations of organic matter. Copper(II) complexes are labile, so the CuII distribution amongst these inorganic ligands can be estimated by numerical modeling if reliable values for the relevant stability (formation) constants are available. This paper provides a critical review of such constants and related thermodynamic data. It recommends values of log10βp,q,r° valid at Im = 0 mol kg-1 and 25 °C (298.15 K), along with the equations and specific ion interaction coefficients required to calculate log10βp,q,r values at higher ionic strengths. Some values for reaction enthalpies, ΔrHm, are also reported where available. In weakly acidic fresh water systems, in the absence of organic ligands, CuII speciation is dominated by the species Cu2+(aq), with CuSO4(aq) as a minor species. In seawater, it is dominated by CuCO3(aq), with Cu(OH)+, Cu2+(aq), CuCl+, Cu(CO3)OH-, Cu(OH)2(aq), and Cu(CO3)22- as minor species. In weakly acidic saline systems, it is dominated by Cu2+(aq) and CuCl+, with CuSO4(aq) and CuCl2(aq) as minor species.

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“…For particles smaller than about 1 p m or with a specific surface area greater than a few m'/g (the proposed freshly precipitated Pu hydrous oxide appear to meet these two criteria), surface energy is sufficiently large to influence surface properties and the free energy of the solid. Experimenters such as Schindler (1967) and Schindler et al (1965) have investigated the effect of particle size (and surface area of the particle) on the solubilities of ZnO, Cu(OH),, and CuO. Stumm and Morgan (1981) show that the solubility of the various compounds changes as a function of surface area by a theoretical ratio that relates the change in free energy of the particles to surface tension at the solidsolution interface.…”

Section: -22mentioning

confidence: 99%

Criticality safety assessment of tank 241-C-106 remediation

Waltar¹

1996

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The s u b j e c t document contains t h e a n a l y s i s t o support t h e p o s i t i o n paper and t h e c r i t i c a l i t y review team r e p o r t on c r i t i c a l i t y s a f e t y issues associated w i t h the r e t r i e v a l CRITICALITY SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF TANK 241-C-106 REMEDIATIONE x p e r t C r i t i c a l i t y T e a m A u t h o r s : i WHC-SD-W320-CSA-001 REV 0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors o f t h e r e p o r t would l i k e t o acknowledge t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n and a s s i s t a n c e p r o v i d e d by D r . Rowland F e l t from t h e U.S. Department o f Energy (EH-34).I n a d d i t i o n t o being a r e p o r t author, Dr. F e l t a l s o arranged a DOE independent r e v i e w o f t h e s a f e t y a n a l y s i s document t o ensure peer r e v i e w and t e c h n i c a l c r e d i b i l i t y . The independent r e v i e w team members are a l s o acknowledged f o r t h e i r t i m e and e f f o r t t o r e v i e w t h e document. Independent The team notes that in order for a neutronic criticality to be possible, the plutonium concentration in an infinite volume of waste must exceed 2.6 g Pu/L. Numerous layers of conservatism are built into this minimum fissile concentration, including optimal neutron moderation (i.e., optimal water moisture content), a waste medium containing a small fraction of the neutron absorbers actually present, and an infinite geometry. Since the maximum concentration of plutonium measured in either donor tank 241-C-106 or receiver tank 241-AY-102 was 0.13 g Pu/L, a plutonium concentration increase of at least 20 would be necessary to achieve criticality under the most ideal possibility of achieving such a scenario is highly unlikely.geometries would be considerably less reactive. The physical More realisticThe important message is that all of the "gates" illustrated in

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Löslichkeitsprodukte von Metalloxiden und ‐hydroxiden. 10. Mitteilung. Löslichkeitsprodukte von Zinkoxid, Kupferhydroxid und Kupferoxid in Abhängigkeit von Teilchengrösse und molarer Oberfläche. Ein Beitrag zur Thermodynamik von Grenzflächen fest‐flüssig

Cited by 56 publications

References 15 publications

Zinc oxide–engineered nanoparticles: Dissolution and toxicity to marine phytoplankton

Zinc oxide–engineered nanoparticles: Dissolution and toxicity to marine phytoplankton

Chemical speciation of environmentally significant metals with inorganic ligands Part 2: The Cu2+-OH-, Cl-, CO32-, SO42-, and PO43- systems (IUPAC Technical Report)

Criticality safety assessment of tank 241-C-106 remediation

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