Los servicios ecosistémicos como soporte para la toma de decisiones ambiental y socialmente sustentables

Abstract

A�������. The theory of ecosystem services (ES) needs to be operationalized to contribute to practices leading to sustainable use of ecosystems, which includes solving trade-offs between private and public benefits and incorporating monetary and non-monetary values to help inform decisions. We developed a framework to analyse the impacts of farmers' management alternatives on Nothofagus antarctica (G. Forst.) Oerst. forest in northern Patagonia, and analysed synergies and trade-offs between private and public benefits based on three conceptual and methodological approaches: a) a state-and-transition model of ecosystem dynamics, and b) indicators of values of ecosystem service benefits based on the cascade model, implemented as c) a decision support tool based on a Bayesian network. We optimized a utility function for short (0-10 yr) and long (70-140 yr) term management decisions (levels of grazing, logging and tree planting) based on monetary and non-monetary indicators of benefits that fulfilled "farmer's satisfaction" objectives. We then assessed the consequences of these decisions on the fulfilment of public benefits as defined by the National Forest Law when projected into short (0-10 yr), intermediate (10-40 yr) and long (70-140 yr) time horizons. We found that when short-term decisions are projected into a long-time horizon, they lead to high losses of benefits, mainly linked to "regulating and maintenance" ES. On the other hand, long-term decisions improved the level of benefits in degraded systems but resulted in the degradation of well-preserved forests. The decisions that optimize farmer's satisfaction did not change with different weights of "farm income" in the utility function, indicating the absence of trade-offs between monetary and non-monetary benefits considered in the utility function. The tool developed helps to show long-term impacts of management, and discloses cause-effect relationships between levels of use and multiple benefits. It can therefore support measures aiming to raise awareness about degradation trends, and improve the functional understanding of the system wich can help to identify solutions for socio-economic and environmental sustainability.[Keywords: forest law, public and private benefits, trade-offs, cascade model, influence diagram, Nothofagus] R������. Los servicios ecosistémicos como soporte para la toma de decisiones ambiental y socialmente sustentables. La teoría de los servicios ecosistémicos debe hacerse operativa para poder contribuir a la formulación de prácticas que conduzcan al manejo sustentable de los ecosistemas. Esto incluye contribuir a resolver los conflictos entre beneficios privados y públicos, e incorporar valores monetarios y no-monetarios para poder informar la toma de decisiones. Desarrollamos un modelo para analizar el impacto de las decisiones de manejo de los productores en el bosque de Nothofagus antarctica (G. Forst.) Oerst. del norte de la Patagonia y analizamos las sinergias y los conflictos entre los beneficios públicos y privados en base a ...

Changes in forest structure values along the natural cycle and different management strategies in Nothofagus antarctica forests

“…Currently, management and conservation actions are conducted through the implementation of compulsory plans that the ranch owners must present to the Regional Forest Office, according to the provincial forest regulations (law 145/94) and the territorial forest ordination (national law 26331/07). Results of our study may assist policy-makers to better define the regulations of the silvicultural practices, considering the advantages for provisioning services, but also the risks due to the modification in the natural cycles and resilience of these forests, as was also stated by Rusch et al (2017) and Peri et al (2017). In our analyses, harvesting intensity thresholds are important to establish desired management and conservation objectives (e.g.…”

Ciudades sustentables. De la gestión a la valoración institucional de las áreas verdes y el arbolado: conurbación Temuco-Padre las Casas

“…Al introducir el concepto de servicios ecosistémicos en el modelo de análisis, se ponen a prueba las capacidades institucionales de incorporar una dimensión ecológica en los procesos de intervención territorial. Dentro de ese marco, se evalúa la capacidad de las instituciones y sus instrumentos de planificación, para incorporar criterios ecológicos en sus operaciones (Rusch et al, 2017;Dempsey et al, 2011).…”

“…Los servicios ecosistémicos se trabajan como una categoría de análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo, pero también, como una herramienta conceptual y metodológica, porque de esa manera permiten evaluar los alcances y capacidades de incorporar criterios ecológicos en las operaciones y objetivos institucionales del territorio (Gómez-Baggethun et al, 2013). A nivel conceptual, muestran los rendimientos positivos del ecosistema en el bienestar humano y eso hace posible incorporar criterios ecológicos en las acciones y decisiones institucionales relativas a las áreas verdes y el arbolado, traduciendo la visión ecológica en metas institucionales objetivas (Rusch et al, 2017). A nivel metodológico, permite levantar un diagnóstico sobre la cuantificación y localización de los servicios ecosistémicos en el territorio, mostrando los beneficios que proveen las condiciones ambientales al bienestar humano.…”

Accessibility to public spaces: Boosting ecosystem services in urban areas in four Latin American cities

“…Ecosystem services (ES) offer a conceptual framework with a high potential to promote dialog and agreements between science, politics, and society that exhort searching for solutions to contemporary socio-environmental problems. In this sense, ES also offer a practical framework for the development of tools which are of great use for territorial planning and environmental management (Balvanera and Cotler, 2007;Daily et al, 2009;Nelson et al, 2009;Barral and Oscar, 2012;Logsdon and Chaubey, 2013;Langemeyer et al, 2016;Rusch et al, 2017). In this context, ES are currently a central theme in agendas and debates that promote territorial sustainability, as well as in actions aimed at achieving sustainable territorial development.…”