Los museos de frontera de la provincia de Buenos Aires: entre el gliptodonte y el indio poblador

Abstract

A lo largo del siglo XIX la provincia argentina de Buenos Aires fue un espacio fronterizo en

Fuegian Museums and Anthropological Discourses: A Comparison of the Representations of Indigenous Societies from Tierra del Fuego in the Two Southernmost Museums in the World (Museo del Fin del Mundo, Argentina, and Museo Antropológico Martín Gusinde, Chile)

“…Given that Tierra del Fuego is currently subdivided between Chile and Argentina, sovereignty claims have indeed occurred (see below), hence the importance of exploring the potential role played by museums located in this border land. The concept of “frontier museum” (sensu Quijada ) becomes relevant here because these are constituted by comparatively modest collections located in originally small populations placed in border towns, where the local community usually has played a key role by donating private and varied collections. In the Southern Cone, the unsystematic and spontaneous gathering of such foundational collections usually reflects the initial formation of these towns in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.…”

“…The MFM script is consistent with a traditional chronological exhibition (Quijada ), presenting collections and events in a diachronic and evolutionist order. It focuses on “original” archaeological and ethnographic artifacts, using texts as explanations and images as illustrations.…”

“…The history of the MFM fits the “frontier museum” concept (Quijada ), not only due to its location at the southernmost Argentinean border but also because its foundation occurred while Ushuaia was still a small town; moreover, its varied collections were initially gathered before a museum building was even available to house them. However, the MFM's script and exhibition are more than local, insofar as they cover the regional prehistory, ethnography, and history.…”

“…Many authors have noted that ethnographic/anthropological/archaeological museums (henceforth EAAM) were originally created by European states in order to exhibit non‐Western objects brought to the “home” countries from their colonies (e.g., Leurière ). In such initial configurations, EAAM were “museums of otherness” (sensu Quijada ), in which the construction and legitimization of national Western culture was associated with the conservation of a foreign and distant cultural heritage, which was represented as the opposite of the European, “civilized” cultural heritage (Boivin et al. ).…”

Representaciones sociales y patrimonialización del pasado indígena en el área de Ventania y su llanura adyacente (provincia de Buenos Aires, República Argentina)

“…Asimismo, desde el campo de la historia se han abordado los denominados museos de frontera en relación a las representaciones ofrecidas respecto al período de la conformación del Estado Nacional, por ejemplo, en la Provincia de Buenos Aires los museos de la denominada "Zanja de Alsina" (Nagy 2011Quijada, 2012).…”