Los factores bioambientales asociados a la miopía: una revisión actualizada

Galvis, Virgilio; Tello, Alejandro; Camacho, Paul Anthony; Parra, M. Margarita; Merayo-Lloves, Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.oftal.2016.11.016

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Dichotomous myopia categories were compared with dichotomous year 20 vitamin A categories by phi correlation coefficients. In multiple studies, several factors, including educational level, 23 sun exposure, 23 – 25 parental myopia, 23 carbohydrate intake, 26 and zinc intake, 27 , 28 have been associated with myopia. Utilizing each of these independent confounders compared with dichotomous myopic or not-myopic categories, we determined individual odds ratios by binomial logistic regression.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Dietary Vitamin A Associated with Myopia from Adolescence to Young Adulthood?

Mackey

O’Sullivan

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Potential links may exist between vitamin A intake and myopia via various pathways. In this study, we examined the association between dietary vitamin A intake during adolescence and myopia in early adulthood. Methods: We performed a prospective analysis utilizing data collected from participants of the Raine Study Gen2. Dietary vitamin A intake, determined via food frequency questionnaires completed at ages 14, 17, and 20 years, was compared with ophthalmic measurements collected at year 20. Low vitamin A levels were defined as <600 μg/day. Regression models were used to adjust for ocular sun exposure level, educational level, and parental myopia as potential confounders. Results: A total of 642 subjects were analyzed. Although those with adequate vitamin A intakes were less likely to be myopic (P = 0.03), this association became insignificant when adjusted for potential confounding factors in logistic regression modeling (odds ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-2.52; P = 0.06). Conclusions: There were no significant associations between total vitamin A intakes during adolescence and year 20 refractive errors after adjustment for confounders. Replication of this finding and further investigations are essential to rule out the suggestion that sufficient vitamin A intake during adolescence is associated with lower risk of myopia in early adulthood. Translational Relevance: Our findings are not definitive that ingesting foods high in vitamin A during childhood and adolescence does not have a role for preventing myopia in early adulthood.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Dietary Vitamin A Associated with Myopia from Adolescence to Young Adulthood?

Mackey

O’Sullivan

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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“…High myopia (HM) is both a medical problem and refractive error of the eye owing to excessive eyeball length, which progressively makes eye tissue atrophic, and is one of the main causes of diminishing visual acuity in developed countries [1,2]. High myopia prevalence is expected to rise in forthcoming years and to affect 938 million people by 2050, which makes it a first-order disease of clinical interest [3][4][5][6][7]. Despite its high prevalence and many genetic and proteomic studies, no molecular pattern exists that explains the degenerative process underlying HM, which predisposes patients to other diseases like glaucoma, cataracts, retinal detachment and chorioretinal atrophy [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Myopia and the Complement System: Factor H in Myopic Maculopathy

García-Gen

Penadés

Mérida

et al. 2021

JCM

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High myopia (HM) is both a medical problem and refractive error of the eye owing to excessive eyeball length, which progressively makes eye tissue atrophic, and is one of the main causes for diminishing visual acuity in developed countries. Despite its high prevalence and many genetic and proteomic studies, no molecular pattern exists that explain the degenerative process underlying HM, which predisposes patients to other diseases like glaucoma, cataracts, retinal detachment and chorioretinal atrophy that affect the macular area. To determine the relation between complement Factors H (CFH) and D (CFD) and the maculopathy of patients with degenerative myopia, we studied aqueous humor samples that were collected by aspiration from 122 patients during cataract surgery. Eyes were classified according to eyeball axial length as high myopia (axial length > 26 mm), low myopia (axial length 23.5–25.9 mm) and control (axial length ˂ 23.4 mm). The degree of maculopathy was classified according to fundus oculi findings following IMI’s classification. Subfoveal choroid thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography. CFH and CFD measurements were taken by ELISA. CFH levels were significantly high in the high myopia group vs. the low myopia and control groups (p ˂ 0.05). Significantly high CFH values were found in those eyes with choroid atrophy and neovascularization (p ˂ 0.05). In parallel, the CFH concentration correlated inversely with choroid thickness (R = −0.624). CFD levels did not correlate with maculopathy. All the obtained data seem to suggest that CFH plays a key role in myopic pathology.

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“…They run in families and are to be distinguished from the much more frequent form of non-syndromic myopia discussed in this review, which cannot be explained by a genetic cause alone, but refers to a form which is relevantly influenced by several already identified environmental factors instead. 10,11 This type of myopia has contributed to the epidemic-like increase in prevalence of past decades. Recent studies have provided evidence for the existence of mechanisms in which eye growth depends on environmental factors; both excessive near-work and a lack of outdoor exposure, among other factors, have been taken into closer focus for their possible underlying roles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>The Role of Time Exposed to Outdoor Light for Myopia Prevalence and Progression: A Literature Review</p>

Eppenberger¹,

Sturm²

2020

OPTH

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The development of myopia as a refractive disorder seems to hold multifactorial causes. Among others, increased time exposed to natural light outdoors is regarded as possible effective preventive measure against myopia development. The objective of this review is to analyse and summarize the evidence investigating the association between time outdoors and myopia prevalence and progression. Methods: A review, restricted to articles published in the last ten years, was conducted. The literature search for the included articles was performed in the following databases: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus. If predefined inclusion criteria were met, the studies were further categorized and data were summarized and individually evaluated. Results: Two cross-sectional studies, 7 prospective cohort studies and 3 intervention studies were reported in this review, representing the data of a total of 32,381 participants. The majority of the studies found an inverse association between myopia incidence/prevalence and increased time outdoors. The association between time outdoors and myopia progression on the other hand remains debatable; one recent randomized controlled trial indicating a protective value of increased time outdoors for further progression in myopic children. Conclusion: In summary, increasing time exposed to outdoor light seems to be a simple and effective preventive measure to decrease myopia prevalence. Also, contrasting previous review work, it may represent a potential strategy for myopia progression control. Future investigation is necessary to better define and quantify outdoor time and its effects on myopia.

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Los factores bioambientales asociados a la miopía: una revisión actualizada

Cited by 19 publications

References 160 publications

Is Dietary Vitamin A Associated with Myopia from Adolescence to Young Adulthood?

Is Dietary Vitamin A Associated with Myopia from Adolescence to Young Adulthood?

High Myopia and the Complement System: Factor H in Myopic Maculopathy

<p>The Role of Time Exposed to Outdoor Light for Myopia Prevalence and Progression: A Literature Review</p>

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