Lorentz-Factor–isotropic-Luminosity/Energy Correlations of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Their Interpretation

Lü, Jing; Zou, Yuan‐Chuan; Lei, Wei‐Hua; Zhang, Bing; Wu, Qingwen; Wang, Ding-Xiong; Liang, En‐Wei; Lü, Hou-Jun

doi:10.1088/0004-637x/751/1/49

Cited by 125 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Since this method get rid of artificial effect due top the noise floor, hereafter we adopt the MTS measurements reported in and Golkhou et al (2015). The Lorentz factors reported in Sonbas et al (2014) were taken from Lü et al (2012) and Ghirlanda et al (2012). Ghirlanda et al (2012) made use of the Blandford & McKee (1976) self-similar deceleration solution, which led to typically a factor of 2 times smaller Γ than those derived from the conventional method for a same source.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…where a typical uncertainty of 0.4 dex and 0.2 dex is assigned for MTS of blazars (e.g., Vovk & Neronov 2013) and GRBs (e.g., Golkhou et al 2015), respectively, and a 50% or 30% error is introduced for Γ for GRBs (e.g., Lü et al 2012;Sonbas et al 2014) and blazars (e.g., Hovatta et al 2009), respectively. It is found that the global slope for blazars/GRBs is roughly consistent with that found in 21 GRBs only within uncertainties.…”

Section: Sonbasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where a typical uncertainty of 0.2 dex is adopted for both MTS (e.g., Golkhou et al 2015) and Lγ (e.g., Lü et al 2012) for these GRBs. The blazars also roughly stay on the extension of the best-fit line of GRBs (solid line in Figure 2).…”

Section: Sonbasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The extension of variability properties in gamma-ray bursts to blazars

Zhang

Lei

et al. 2015

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters

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Both gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and blazars have relativistic jets pointing at a small angle from our line of sight. Several recent studies suggested that these two kinds of sources may share similar jet physics. In this work, we explore the variability properties for GRBs and blazars as a whole. We find that the correlation between minimum variability timescale (MTS) and Lorentz factor, Γ, as found only in GRBs by Sonbas et al. can be extended to blazars with a joint correlation of MTS ∝ Γ −4.7±0.3 . The same applies to the MTS ∝ L −1.0±0.1 γ correlation as found in GRBs, which can be well extended into blazars as well. These results provide further evidence that the jets in these two kinds of sources are similar despite of the very different mass scale of their central engines. Further investigations of the physical origin of these correlations are needed, which can shed light on the nature of the jet physics.

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Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sonbasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The extension of variability properties in gamma-ray bursts to blazars

Zhang

Lei

et al. 2015

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters

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“…This paper is dedicated to the onset bump (component III) and the late rebrightening bump (component VI) in the synthetic light curve. The reason we discuss them together is because physically they share a similar origin of jet-medium interaction, and they are potentially good probes for the fireball and the ambient density profile (e.g., Rykoff et al 2009;Oates et al 2009;Liang et al 2010;Lü et al 2012;Ghirlanda et al 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Study of Gamma-Ray Burst Optical Emission. Ii. Afterglow Onset and Late Re-Brightening Components

Liang

Gao

et al. 2013

ApJ

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We continue our systematic statistical study of various components of gamma-ray burst (GRB) optical light curves. We decompose the early onset bump and the late re-brightening bump with empirical fits and analyze their statistical properties. Among the 146 GRBs that have well-sampled optical light curves, the onset and re-brightening bumps are observed in 38 and 26 GRBs, respectively. It is found that the typical rising and decaying slopes for both the onset and re-brightening bumps are ∼1.5 and ∼−1.15, respectively. No early onset bumps in the X-ray band are detected to be associated with the optical onset bumps, while an X-ray re-brightening bump is detected for half of the re-brightening optical bumps. The peak luminosity is anti-correlated with the peak time L p ∝ t −1.81±0.32 p for the onset bumps and L p ∝ t −0.83±0.17 p for the re-brightening bumps. Both L p and the isotropic energy release of the onset bumps are correlated with E γ,iso , whereas no similar correlation is found for the re-brightening bumps. These results suggest that the afterglow onset bumps are likely due to the deceleration of the GRB fireballs. Taking the onset bumps as probes for the properties of the fireballs and their ambient medium, we find that the typical power-law index of the relativistic electrons is 2.5 and the medium density profile behaves as n ∝ r −1 within the framework of the synchrotron external shock models. With the medium density profile obtained from our analysis, we also confirm the correlation between the initial Lorentz factor (Γ 0 ) and E iso,γ in our previous work. The jet component that produces the re-brightening bump seems to be on-axis and independent of the prompt emission jet component. Its typical kinetic energy budget would be about one order of magnitude larger than the prompt emission component, but with a lower Γ 0 , typically several tens.

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“…We test this relation with our results, and also include the samples from Tang et al (2015) in Figure 3. The grey points and grey solid line are samples from Lü et al (2012) and the empirical correlation they derived respectively. We find that the Lorentz factors derived from the thermal components show a tight positive correlation with L γ (with Pearsons correlation coefficient of 0.91 and is irrelevant to the value of Y in eq.…”

Section: Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Bulk Lorentz Factors of Outflow Material: Lessons Learned from the Extremely Energetic Outburst GRB 160625B

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2017

ApJ

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GRB 160625B is an extremely-bright outburst with well-monitored afterglow emission. The geometrycorrected energy is high up to ∼ 5.2 × 10 52 erg or even ∼ 8 × 10 52 erg, rendering it the most energetic GRB prompt emission recorded so far. We analyzed the time-resolved spectra of the prompt emission and found that in some intervals there were likely thermal-radiation components and the high energy emission were characterized by significant cutoff. The bulk Lorentz factors of the outflow material are estimated accordingly. We found out that the Lorentz factors derived in the thermal-radiation model are consistent with the luminosity-Lorentz factor correlation found in other bursts as well as in GRB 090902B for the time-resolved thermal-radiation components. While the spectral cutoff model yields much lower Lorentz factors that are in tension with the constraints set by the electron pair Compoton scattering process. We then suggest that these spectral cutoffs are more likely related to the particle acceleration process and that one should be careful in estimating the Lorentz factors if the spectrum cuts at a rather low energy (e.g., ∼ tens MeV). The nature of the central engine has also been discussed and a stellar-mass black hole is favored.

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Lorentz-Factor–isotropic-Luminosity/Energy Correlations of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Their Interpretation

Cited by 125 publications

References 95 publications

The extension of variability properties in gamma-ray bursts to blazars

The extension of variability properties in gamma-ray bursts to blazars

A Comprehensive Study of Gamma-Ray Burst Optical Emission. Ii. Afterglow Onset and Late Re-Brightening Components

Evaluating the Bulk Lorentz Factors of Outflow Material: Lessons Learned from the Extremely Energetic Outburst GRB 160625B

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