Lordotic vertebrae in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) are adapted to increased loads

Kranenbarg, S.; Waarsing, J.H.; Müller, M.; Weinans, Harrie; Leeuwen, J.L. van

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.06.011

Cited by 83 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Vertebral column malformations may occur frequently in the wild, but are rarely detected (Gavaia et al 2009) whereas they are quite commonly detected under intensive aquaculture conditions (Kranenbarg et al 2005, Koumoundouros 2010, Prestinicola et al 2013. In this study, the frequency of lordotic vertebrae (10.1%) was within the normal range found in other studies and hatcheries (Andrades et al 1996, Koumoundouros et al 2002, Prestinicola et al 2013.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Moreover, vertebral deformities may also occur later in ontogeny (i.e. during the ongrowing period), at which point they are generally induced by mechanical overloads (Kranenbarg et al 2005) or by the curvature of the vertebral axis (Gorman et al 2010), or a combination of both (Gavaia et al 2002, Cardeira et al 2012. Irrespective of the cause of vertebral anomalies, they can compromise the biological performance of fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normal and histopathological organization of the opercular bone and vertebrae in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata

Ortiz-Delgado¹,

Fernández²,

Sarasquete³

et al. 2014

Aquat. Biol.

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During the last decades, the finfish larviculture industry has considerably improved its rearing methods under intensive conditions, but larval quality remains one of the main problems for the proper sustainable success of this productive sector (Kou moundouros 2010, Boglione et al. 2013a). The quality of farmed fish is directly related to the quality of the fry, and depends on both organoleptic and morphological characteristics that should be as similar as possible to that of wild fish, which is considered to be the ABSTRACT: This study provides a comprehensive description of the tissue organization of nondeformed and deformed opercula and vertebrae from gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata juveniles by means of histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical approaches. Two types of opercular anomalies are described: the folding of the opercle and subopercle into the gill chamber, starting at the upper corner of the branchial cleft and extending down to its lower third; and the partial lack of the operculum (opercle, subopercle, interopercle and preopercle underdeveloped) with a regression of the loose edge extending down to its lower third. Histological observations revealed a rare type of bone remodelling process in the opercular structure, which consisted of the coalescence of contacting bone tissues (presumably from the preopercle and opercle), resulting in skeletal tissue with a trabecular aspect filled by a single-cell epithelium of cubic osteoblastic-like cells. Differences in collagen fiber thickness and its 3-dimensional arrangement between normal and deformed opercula were also found. Lordotic vertebrae were characterized by the formation of fibrous cartilage in the haemal and/or neural sides, indicating that a metaplastic shift occurred during the process of lordosis. Another major histomorphological change found in lordotic vertebrae was the complete loss of notochordal sheath integrity. Histological alterations were coupled with an imbalance of cell death and cell proliferation processes in lordotic vertebrae as well as that of bone formation/resorption, and extracellular matrix deposition activity differences which might have resulted from the remodelling process occurring in lordotic vertebrae. Altogether, these results provide an increase in our basic knowledge of bone disorders that contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms by which these skeletal anomalies appear in this fish species and which hamper its production efficiency.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal and histopathological organization of the opercular bone and vertebrae in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata

Ortiz-Delgado¹,

Fernández²,

Sarasquete³

et al. 2014

Aquat. Biol.

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show abstract

“…It would be particularly useful to see comparisons within the Perciformes, which have many species of convenient size for testing and, although largely acellular boned, also contain several reportedly cellular-boned species within the Scombrinae (Kölliker, 1857;Moss, 1961). The Protocanthopterygii also represent a particularly interesting group for study as they possess nearly equal numbers of cellular-and acellular-boned species (Moss, 1961;Kranenbarg et al, 2005a;Kranenbarg et al, 2005b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And yet, various reports suggest that acellular fish bone functions mechanically in a manner similar to its cellular counterpart. For example, several authors have reported that the acellular bone of neoteleosts -the eight most-derived superorders of bony fishes, which include the Percomorpha, the largest and most diverse group of fishes -responds to mechanical loads by the process of modeling, as a cellular bone would (Huysseune et al, 1994;Hegrenes, 2001;Kilhara et al, 2002;Kranenbarg et al, 2005a;Kranenbarg et al, 2005b;Nemoto et al, 2007;Kitamura et al, 2010;Totland et al, 2011). Furthermore, although osteocytic lacunae are believed to act as stress concentrators (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of structural, architectural and mechanical aspects of cellular and acellular bone in two teleost fish

Cohen

Dean

Shipov

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe histological diversity of the skeletal tissues of fishes is impressive compared with that of other vertebrate groups, yet our understanding of the functional consequences of this diversity is limited. In particular, although it has been known since the mid1800s that a large number of fish species possess acellular bones, the mechanical advantages and consequences of this structural characteristic -and therefore the nature of the evolution of this feature -remain unclear. Although several studies have examined the material properties of fish bone, these have used a variety of techniques and there have been no direct contrasts of acellular and cellular bone. We report on a comparison of the structural and mechanical properties of the ribs and opercula between two freshwater fish -the common carp Cyprinus carpio (a fish with cellular bone) and the tilapia Oreochromis aureus (a fish with acellular bone). We used light microscopy to show that the bones in both fish species exhibit poor blood supply and possess discrete tissue zones, with visible layering suggesting differences in the underlying collagen architecture. We performed identical micromechanical testing protocols on samples of the two bone types to determine the mechanical properties of the bone material of opercula and ribs. Our data support the consensus of literature values, indicating that Youngʼs moduli of cellular and acellular bones are in the same range, and lower than Youngʼs moduli of the bones of mammals and birds. Despite these similarities in mechanical properties between the bone tissues of the fish species tested here, cellular bone had significantly lower mineral content than acellular bone; furthermore, the percentage ash content and bone mineral density values (derived from micro-CT scans) show that the bone of these fishes is less mineralized than amniote bone. Although we cannot generalize from our data to the numerous remaining teleost species, the results presented here suggest that while cellular and acellular fish bone may perform similarly from a mechanical standpoint, there are previously unappreciated differences in the structure and composition of these bone types.

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“…The few studies that have focused on acellularboned fishes have provided somewhat secondary evidence for modeling. For instance, Kranenbarg et al, 45,46 described the formation of an abnormal ventral curvature of the vertebral column of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) when they were exposed to increased swimming activity, and speculated that the change occurred as an adaptation to increased bending moments caused by the axial musculature. Similarly, Kilhara et al 47 showed that lordosis can be induced in juvenile red sea bream (Pragus major) by increased swimming activity.…”

Section: Modeling: Evidence For and Implications In Acellular Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

The enigmas of bone without osteocytes

Shahar¹,

Dean²

2013

BoneKEy Reports

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One of the hallmarks of tetrapod bone is the presence of numerous cells (osteocytes) within the matrix. Osteocytes are vital components of tetrapod bone, orchestrating the processes of bone building, reshaping and repairing (modeling and remodeling), and probably also participating in calcium-phosphorus homeostasis via both the local process of osteocytic osteolysis, and systemic effect on the kidneys. Given these critical roles of osteocytes, it is thought-provoking that the entire skeleton of many fishes consists of bone material that does not contain osteocytes. This raises the intriguing question of how the skeleton of these animals accomplishes the various essential functions attributed to osteocytes in other vertebrates, and raises the possibility that in acellular bone some of these functions are either accomplished by non-osteocytic routes or not necessary at all. In this review, we outline evidence for and against the fact that primary functions normally ascribed to osteocytes, such as mechanosensation, regulation of osteoblast/clast activity and mineral metabolism, also occur in fish bone devoid of these cells, and therefore must be carried out through alternative and perhaps ancient pathways. To enable meaningful comparisons with mammalian bone, we suggest thorough, phylogenetic examinations of regulatory pathways, studies of structure and mechanical properties and surveys of the presence/absence of bone cells in fishes. Insights gained into the micro-/nanolevel structure and architecture of fish bone, its mechanical properties and its physiology in health and disease will contribute to the discipline of fish skeletal biology, but may also help answer questions of basic bone biology.

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Lordotic vertebrae in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) are adapted to increased loads

Cited by 83 publications

References 21 publications

Normal and histopathological organization of the opercular bone and vertebrae in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata

Normal and histopathological organization of the opercular bone and vertebrae in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata

Comparison of structural, architectural and mechanical aspects of cellular and acellular bone in two teleost fish

The enigmas of bone without osteocytes

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