Looks interesting: Attention allocation in depression when using a news website – An eye tracking study

Rudich-Strassler, Anat; Hertz‐Palmor, Nimrod; Lazarov, Amit

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.058

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In depression and anhedonia, research on learning processes shows that negative reinforcement can facilitate learning processes better than positive reinforcement (Beevers et al, 2013;Chiu & Deldin, 2007;Eshel & Roiser, 2010;Hevey, Thomas, Laureano-Schelten, Looney, & Booth, 2017;Maddox et al, 2012;Reinen et al, 2021;Santesso et al, 2008). Relatedly, attention research shows depression to be associated with an attentional preference for aversive/dysphoric stimuli, over neutral or positive ones (Gotlib, Krasnoperova, Yue, & Joormann, 2004;Hamilton & Gotlib, 2008;Johnston et al, 2015;Rudich-Strassler, Hertz-Palmor, & Lazarov, 2022;Suslow, Husslack, Kersting, & Bodenschatz, 2020). One intriguing question in the present context is whether implementing the same gaze-contingent procedure while substituting the appetitive music reward (i.e.…”

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confidence: 79%

“…learning stimulus-reward associations; ensuing desire and anticipation; motivation and effort in acquiring rewards; consummatory pleasure), anhedonia may arise when one or more of these sub-steps are impaired (Kring & Barch, 2014;Pizzagalli, 2022;Rizvi, Pizzagalli, Sproule, & Kennedy, 2016). In support of this conceptualization, behavioral research has found an association between anhedonia and dysregulations in the reward system and in reward processing (Rømer Thomsen, 2015;Vrieze et al, 2013), showing, for example, a lack of systematic behavioral preference (i.e. developing a reward-related response bias) for rewarded stimuli among depressed and anhedonic individuals (Pizzagalli, Iosifescu,…”

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confidence: 99%

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Aberrant reward learning, but not negative reinforcement learning, is related to depressive symptoms: an attentional perspective

Hertz-Palmor,

Rozenblit,

Lavi

et al. 2023

Psychol. Med.

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Background Aberrant reward functioning is implicated in depression. While attention precedes behavior and guides higher-order cognitive processes, reward learning from an attentional perspective – the effects of prior reward-learning on subsequent attention allocation – has been mainly overlooked. Methods The present study explored the effects of reward-based attentional learning in depression using two separate, yet complimentary, studies. In study 1, participants with high (HD) and low (LD) levels of depression symptoms were trained to divert their gaze toward one type of stimuli over another using a novel gaze-contingent music reward paradigm – music played when fixating the desired stimulus type and stopped when gazing the alternate one. Attention allocation was assessed before, during, and following training. In study 2, using negative reinforcement, the same attention allocation pattern was trained while substituting the appetitive music reward for gazing the desired stimulus type with the removal of an aversive sound (i.e. white noise). Results In study 1 both groups showed the intended shift in attention allocation during training (online reward learning), while generalization of learning at post-training was only evident among LD participants. Conversely, in study 2 both groups showed post-training generalization. Results were maintained when introducing anxiety as a covariate, and when using a more powerful sensitivity analysis. Finally, HD participants showed higher learning speed than LD participants during initial online learning, but only when using negative, not positive, reinforcement. Conclusions Deficient generalization of learning characterizes the attentional system of HD individuals, but only when using reward-based positive reinforcement, not negative reinforcement.

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confidence: 79%

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confidence: 99%

Aberrant reward learning, but not negative reinforcement learning, is related to depressive symptoms: an attentional perspective

Hertz-Palmor,

Rozenblit,

Lavi

et al. 2023

Psychol. Med.

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“…Depressed (vs. healthy) individuals use negative rumination more often, leading to the onset and recurrence of depressive episodes (Nolen-Hoeksema et al, 2008). Some studies have also found that depressed (vs. healthy) individuals are less likely to distract from unpleasant stimuli (Rudich-Strassler et al, 2022). To understand disrupted affect in depression, therefore, it is important to examine the use of distraction and positive and negative rumination in depression.…”

Section: Emotion Regulation Strategy Use In Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Correlations below the diagonal are between-person correlations. Correlations were calculated using the psych package in R (statsBy function;Revelle, 2017). ICC represents the proportion of variance at the between-person level.…”

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confidence: 99%

Choosing to avoid the positive? Emotion regulation strategy choice in depression.

Millgram¹,

Lakan²,

Joormann³

et al. 2023

Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science

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Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) are more likely than nondepressed individuals to use emotion regulation strategies that decrease pleasant emotions (e.g., distraction from positive stimuli) and increase unpleasant emotions (e.g., negative rumination). If such strategies are actively chosen, these choices may partly reflect weaker motivation for pleasant emotions or stronger motivation for unpleasant emotions. Therefore, this investigation tested, for the first time, whether such strategies are actively chosen, even when alternatives are available. In Study 1, using a behavioral task, MDD participants (N = 38) were more likely than healthy controls (N = 39) to choose to use distraction over positive rumination in response to pleasant stimuli, resulting in reductions in pleasant affect. When instructed to choose the strategy that would make them feel better, however, MDD participants did not differ from controls in their strategy choices. In Study 2, using ecological momentary assessments, MDD participants (N = 58) were more likely than controls (N = 62) to use distraction from pleasant emotions and to use negative rumination in daily life. This pattern of strategy use was predicted by stronger motivation for unpleasant emotions among MDD participants, compared to controls. Stronger motivation for unpleasant emotions in daily life also predicted increases in unpleasant affect and decreases in pleasant affect. Findings suggest that compared to nondepressed individuals, people with MDD are more likely to choose emotion regulation strategies that decrease pleasant emotions.

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“…On the other hand, articles (including pictures and text) on different topics have different effects on people with, or without depression. People without depression tend to focus on positive pictures and text more than the negative; however, people with depression tend to look at the negative article rather than the positive one because the interest of the negative article in people with depression was higher than the positive article (Rudich-Strassler et al, 2022). Furthermore, Suslow et al (2020) highlighted a summary of research papers that looked at eye tracking research in people with, or without depression.…”

Section: Negative and Neutral Conversation Topics' Effects On Eye Gaz...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression detection using virtual avatar communication and eye tracking system

Takemoto

2023

JEMR

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Globally, depression is one of the most common mental health issues. Therefore, finding an effective way to detect mental health problems is an important subject for study in human-machine interactions. In order to examine the potential in using a virtual avatar communication and eye-tracking system to identify people as being with or without depression symptoms, this study has devised three research aims; 1) to understand the effect of different types of interviewers on eye gaze patterns, 2) to clarify the effect of neutral conversation topics on eye gaze, and 3) to compare eye gaze patterns between people with or without depression. Twenty-seven participants - fifteen in the control group and twelve in the depression symptoms group - were involved in this study and they were asked to talk to both a virtual avatar and human interviewers. Gaze patterns were recorded by an eye-tracking device during both types of interaction. The experiment results indicated significant differences in eye movements between the control group and depression symptoms group. Moreover, the identified differences were more pronounced when people with in depressed symptoms group were talking about neutral conversation topics rather than negative topics.

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Looks interesting: Attention allocation in depression when using a news website – An eye tracking study

Cited by 9 publications

References 57 publications

Aberrant reward learning, but not negative reinforcement learning, is related to depressive symptoms: an attentional perspective

Aberrant reward learning, but not negative reinforcement learning, is related to depressive symptoms: an attentional perspective

Choosing to avoid the positive? Emotion regulation strategy choice in depression.

Depression detection using virtual avatar communication and eye tracking system

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