“…The first four decades of the 20 th century were also marked by the Great Migration of 5 million whites and 1.5 million African Americans from the US South to the rest of the country (Gregory, 2006;Bazzi et al, 2023a). Internal migration patterns changed in the 1930s, due to the Great Depression (Rosenbloom, 2002;Fishback et al, 2006) and environmental shocks like the Dust Bowl (Hornbeck, 2012(Hornbeck, , 2023.…”