Looking for new approaches for the use of serology in the context of control programmes against pig salmonellosis

Jaime, R. C. M.; Casanova-Higes, Alejandro; Andrés-Barranco, Sara; Vico, J. P.

doi:10.1111/zph.12432

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Trying to get a better insight into the reasons why this is occurring thus appears necessary. In addition, most European national control programs aiming at reducing the prevalence of Salmonella at the farm level, as a first step to reduce its prevalence at the slaughter level, have failed [2,28]. Therefore, abattoir strategies that may help to mitigate this problem must be sought while more efficient farm control programs are developed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Shedding in Slaughter Pigs and the Use of Esterified Formic Acid in the Drinking Water as a Potential Abattoir-Based Mitigation Measure

Bernad-Roche

Casanova-Higes

Marín-Alcalá

et al. 2022

Animals

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Pigs shedding Salmonella at slaughter are considered a source of carcass contamination and human infection. To assess this potential risk, the proportion of Salmonella shedders that arrive for slaughter was evaluated in a population of 1068 pigs from 24 farms. Shedding was present in 27.3% of the pigs, and the monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium, an emerging zoonotic serotype, was the most prevalent (46.9%). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella isolates was common, but few isolates showed AMR to antimicrobials of critical importance for humans such as third-generation cephalosporins (5%), colistin (0%), or carbapenems (0%). However, AMR to tigecycline was moderately high (15%). The efficacy of an esterified formic acid in the lairage drinking water (3 kg formic acid/1000 L) was also assessed as a potential abattoir-based strategy to reduce Salmonella shedding. It was able to reduce the proportion of shedders (60.7% in the control group (CG) vs. 44.3% in the treatment group (TG); p < 0.01). After considering clustering and confounding factors, the odds of shedding Salmonella in the CG were 2.75 (95% CI = 1.80–4.21) times higher than those of the TG, suggesting a potential efficacy of reduction in shedding as high as 63.6%. This strategy may contribute to mitigating the burden of abattoir environmental contamination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Shedding in Slaughter Pigs and the Use of Esterified Formic Acid in the Drinking Water as a Potential Abattoir-Based Mitigation Measure

Bernad-Roche

Casanova-Higes

Marín-Alcalá

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…There are a range of commercially available ELISA kits for detection of exposure to bacterial pathogens, most of which are validated for use with serum, or meat juice (18). Such assays have the potential to be adapted to detect antibodies in oral fluid (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Anti-Salmonella Antibodies Between Serum and Saliva Samples Collected From Finisher Pigs

et al. 2020

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Saliva samples obtained by using absorptive devices, can provide an alternative diagnostic matrix to serum for monitoring disease status in pigs. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of anti-Salmonella antibodies between serum and saliva samples collected from pigs. Twenty individual paired serum and saliva samples were collected from a single farm. Anti-Salmonella IgG was detected in individual serum samples using a commercial Salmonella ELISA kit, validated for sera. The same kit was used with a protocol modified by extending incubation time and increasing temperature to test individual saliva samples. Anti-Salmonella IgG antibodies in pig saliva were always detected at a lower level than in the matching serum samples. A correlation (rho = 0.66; p = 0.002) and a moderate agreement (K > 0.62 p = 0.003) was found between individual Salmonella IgG in serum and saliva samples. Both correlation and the agreement levels are moderate. The size of this investigation was small, and further studies are necessary to further confirm these findings. The results of this work provide some evidence that saliva samples have the potential to be used for the diagnosis of Salmonella infection in pig farms.

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“…They give an indication of previous exposure to Salmonella and are not necessarily correlated with Salmonella shedding by pigs at the time of testing 13. However, serology is considered to be one of the better alternatives for establishing the level of a herd's Salmonella exposure14 and may help to predict the risk of Salmonella shedding at slaughter 15 16. To follow the dynamics of Salmonella infection in pig herds over time, longitudinal studies on the bacteriological and serological status of pigs need to be performed 17.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal study describing time to Salmonella seroconversion in piglets on three farrow‐to‐finish farms

Cevallos-Almeida¹,

Fablet²,

Houdayer³

et al. 2019

Veterinary Record Open

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BackgroundPigs are frequently colonised with Salmonella enterica, and this constitutes a major risk for human salmonellosis. The infection can be assessed by the serological response of pigs to S enterica. A longitudinal study was undertaken on-farm to correctly describe this serological response and investigate factors associated with age at Salmonella seroconversion.MethodsThree pig farms and in each farm three successive batches were considered. Per batch, 40 piglets were selected at random from 10 sows (four piglets per sow). Blood was sampled from sows one week after farrowing and from piglets at weeks 1, 6, 10, 14, 18 and 22 and at the slaughterhouse. Salmonella antibodies were detected in serum using a commercial ELISA test. Factors related to farm characteristics, batch management system, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome infection, and sows’ Salmonella serological status were recorded to assess their effect on age at seroconversion.ResultsAt week 1 after farrowing, 96.5 per cent of the sows had antibodies against Salmonella. The serological results of piglets at weeks 1 and 6 only were positively correlated with those of the sows. The average age at Salmonella seroconversion was 137±2.2 days (confidence interval at 95 per cent). The first seroconversions occurred from weeks 10 to 14, but most of the pigs (54.6 per cent) were seropositive at the end of the fattening period, with variations between farms and batches (28.9–75.7 per cent). Herd/farm was significantly associated with age at seroconversion.ConclusionThis longitudinal study allowed the authors to follow precisely the evolution of Salmonella seroconversion from maternity to slaughterhouse and confirm the relationship between the seroconversion of sows and serology of their piglets. Moreover, factors related to farm practices and management as a whole are more influential than individual factors (at the pig level) on age at Salmonella seroconversion.

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Looking for new approaches for the use of serology in the context of control programmes against pig salmonellosis

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Salmonella Shedding in Slaughter Pigs and the Use of Esterified Formic Acid in the Drinking Water as a Potential Abattoir-Based Mitigation Measure

Salmonella Shedding in Slaughter Pigs and the Use of Esterified Formic Acid in the Drinking Water as a Potential Abattoir-Based Mitigation Measure

Correlation of Anti-Salmonella Antibodies Between Serum and Saliva Samples Collected From Finisher Pigs

Longitudinal study describing time to Salmonella seroconversion in piglets on three farrow‐to‐finish farms

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