SUMMARYThe lactic acid bacteria are invoh'ed in the manufacture of fermented foods front raw agricultural materials such as milk, meat, vegetables, and cereals. These fermented foods are a significant part of the food processing indt'tstry and are often prepared using selected, strains that have the ability to produce desired product.s or changes efficiently. The application of gene.t!~c engineering technology to improve existing straals or develop novel strains for these fermentations is an active research area world-wide. As knowledge about the genetics and physiology of lactic acid bacteria accumulates, it becomes possible to genetically construct strains with characteristics shaped for specific purposes. Examples of present and future appfications of biotechnology to lactic acid bacteria to improve product quality are described. Studies of the basic biology of these bacteria are being actively conducted and must be continued,