Looking back at anger: Cultural traditions and metaphorical patterns

Variation within Universals

“…First, although many CMT studies discuss their findings in the light of so-called folk emotion theories, such as the European humoral theory (e.g. Geeraerts and Grondelaers, 1995 ;Gevaert, 2005 ) or the theory of five elements in Chinese medicine (e.g. Yu, 1995 ), hardly any attempt has been made to investigate whether the metaphorical representation of emotions coheres with (or diverges from) the scientific descriptions advanced by expert emotion theories and cross-cultural emotion psychology.…”

Emotional Temperament in Food-Related Metaphors: A Cross-Cultural Account of the Conceptualisations of ANGER

“…He further points out that when searching for the non-transparent, opaque metaphorical expressions, not only the historical dimensions of a language should be taken into account, but -that many more transparent, metaphorical expressions are also historical in that they allude to knowledge that is still shared as part of our cultural repository, but no longer directly experienced‖ (p. 270). Moreover, in their study on the Western European languages, Geeraerts and Grondelaers (1995) challenge the purely-conducted synchronic studies of CMT and discuss that the metaphor conceptualisations of ANGER IS THE HEAT OF A FLUID IN A CONTAINER can properly be traced back in the humoral doctrine while it has experienced reinterpretation:…”

“…According to Geeraerts and Grondelaers (1995), the four-humour doctrine -was not only the basis of pre-modern medical practice, it was integrated into a whole cosmology, with the establishment of correspondence between the humours and such diverse domains as the plant, and animal kingdoms, dietary practices, the seasons, and the planets‖ (Taylor 1995, p. 13-14).…”

“…In their study on the Western European languages, Geeraerts and Grondelaers (1995) tried to respond to Kövecses's (1990) work that supported embodiment model of emotion conceptual metaphors. They concluded that historical cultural practices as a four-humour doctrine can be a key source in conceptual metaphor instantiations in the languages under study.…”

Metaphor, language, and culture

“…One example of how the social-cultural context can shape conceptual metaphors is provided by Geeraerts and Grondelaers (1995). They note that in the Euro-American tradition it is the classical-medieval notion of the "four humors" from which the Euro-American conceptualization of anger (as well as that of emotion in general) derived.…”