“…Oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a characteristic finding in MS, are extremely uncommon in CADA-SIL, but they have been reported [22,23] . The occurrence of spinal cord lesions, especially longitudinal ones, are exceedingly rare in CADASIL and may be due to ischemia [24] but, when present, they evoke a diagnostic challenge [25] . In one family with CADASIL, 3 members presented with cord lesions in the posterocentral area, cerebral lesions in locations compatible with both demyelination and typical CADASIL, positive antinuclear antibodies and CSF oligoclonal bands [26] .…”