Longitudinal trajectories of comorbid PTSD and depression symptoms among U.S. service members and veterans

Armenta, Richard F.; Walter, Kristen H.; Geronimo-Hara, Toni Rose; Porter, Ben; Stander, Valerie A.; LeardMann, Cynthia A.

doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2375-1

Cited by 63 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…First and foremost, the results indicated that the longitudinal course of depression was heterogeneous, which is consistent with previous studies that found significant interindividual variety in long-term posttraumatic reactions, such as PTSD (e.g., Bonanno et al, 2010) and depression (Armenta et al, 2019;Bonanno et al, 2012;Sampson et al, 2015). The largest trajectory group was the resilient group, a result which is consistent with previous studies on the course of depression with traumatized populations that did not participate in war (e.g., Bonanno et al, 2012;Maccallum et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…"recovery," high depression at baseline and gradually declining symptoms; and "delayed," initially none or minimal depression symptoms followed by an elevation (e.g., Bonanno et al, 2012;Maccallum et al, 2015;Nandi et al, 2009). However, these studies have typically investigated the years immediately after the traumatic experience and covered relatively short time periods of up to 6 years, with the exception of Armenta et al (2019) who followed veterans suffering from both PTSD and depression for 15 years after the war and found four distinct trajectories of depression (chronic, relapse, gradual recovery, and rapid recovery). To the best of our knowledge, no studies to date have examined distinct latent trajectories of depression among veterans, decades after the trauma and over extended periods of time.…”

Section: Depression As An Outcome Of Combat and Captivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trajectories of depression in aging veterans and former prisoners‐of‐war: The role of social support and hardiness

et al. 2021

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Depression As An Outcome Of Combat and Captivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of depression in aging veterans and former prisoners‐of‐war: The role of social support and hardiness

et al. 2021

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“…Given the broad range of factors linked to insomnia (Killgore et al, 2020 ; Mandelkorn et al, 2021 ; Yuksel et al, 2021 ), we explored how a comprehensive array of pre‐ and peri‐pandemic risk and protective factors related to new‐onset and exacerbated insomnia symptoms. In addition, given the high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in veterans (Armenta et al, 2019 ), as well as a strong association between these disorders and insomnia (Britton, McKinney, Bishop, Pigeon, & Hirsch, 2019 ), we additionally considered how these pre‐existing psychiatric morbidities might influence pandemic‐related changes in insomnia symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New‐onset and exacerbated insomnia symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic in US military veterans: A nationally representative, prospective cohort study

McCarthy

DeViva

et al. 2021

Journal of Sleep Research

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Summary The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a negative impact on physical and mental health worldwide. While pandemic‐related stress has also been linked to increased insomnia, scarce research has examined this association in nationally representative samples of high‐risk populations, such as military veterans. We evaluated pre‐ and pandemic‐related factors associated with new‐onset and exacerbated insomnia symptoms in a nationally representative sample of 3,078 US military veterans who participated in the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. Veterans were surveyed in the USA in 11/2019 (pre‐pandemic) and again in 11/2020 (peri‐pandemic). The Insomnia Severity Index was used to assess severity of insomnia symptoms at the pre‐ and peri‐pandemic assessments. Among veterans without clinical or subthreshold insomnia symptoms pre‐pandemic ( n = 2,548), 11.5% developed subthreshold (10.9%) or clinical insomnia symptoms (0.6%) during the pandemic; among those with subthreshold insomnia symptoms pre‐pandemic ( n = 1,058; 26.0%), 8.0% developed clinical insomnia symptoms. Pre‐pandemic social support (21.9% relative variance explained), pandemic‐related stress related to changes in family relationships (20.5% relative variance explained), pre‐pandemic chest pain (18.5% relative variance explained) and weakness (11.1% relative variance explained), and posttraumatic stress disorder (8.2% relative variance explained) explained the majority of the variance in new‐onset subthreshold or clinical insomnia symptoms during the pandemic. Among veterans with pre‐pandemic subthreshold insomnia, pandemic‐related home isolation restrictions (59.1% relative variance explained) and financial difficulties (25.1% relative variance explained) explained the majority of variance in incident clinical insomnia symptoms. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that nearly one in five US veterans developed new‐onset or exacerbated insomnia symptoms during the pandemic, and identify potential targets for prevention and treatment efforts.

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“…Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent, debilitating disorder that develops in a subset of individuals following exposure to trauma. PTSD is highly comorbid with depressive as well as other mental health disorders [1][2][3] . Indeed, epidemiological estimates suggest that >50% of individuals with PTSD also have a major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis [4][5][6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoding shared versus divergent transcriptomic signatures across cortico-amygdala circuitry in PTSD and depressive disorders

Jaffe

Barry

Tao

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disease with a projected lifetime risk of 8.7%. PTSD is highly comorbid with depressive disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). It is hypothesized that the overlap in symptoms stems from partially shared underlying neurobiological mechanisms. To better understand shared and unique transcriptional patterns of PTSD and MDD we performed RNA-sequencing in the postmortem brain of two prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions and two amygdala (AMY) regions, from neurotypical donors (N=109) as well as donors with diagnoses of PTSD (N=107) or MDD (N=109) across 1285 RNA-seq samples. We identified a small number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specific to PTSD, mostly in the cortex compared to amygdala. PTSD-specific DEGs were preferentially enriched in cortistatin-expressing cells, a subpopulation of somatostatin interneurons. These PTSD DEGs also showed strong enrichment for gene sets associated with immune-related pathways and microglia, largely driven by decreased expression of these genes in PTSD donors. While we identified a greater number of DEGs for MDD, there were only a few that were specific to MDD as they showed high overlap with PTSD DEGs. Finally, we used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) as an orthogonal approach to confirm the observed cellular and molecular associations. These findings highlight the sub-population of cortistatin-expressing interneurons as having potential functional significance in PTSD and provide supporting evidence for dysregulated neuroinflammation and immune signaling in MDD and PTSD pathophysiology.

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Longitudinal trajectories of comorbid PTSD and depression symptoms among U.S. service members and veterans

Cited by 63 publications

References 62 publications

Trajectories of depression in aging veterans and former prisoners‐of‐war: The role of social support and hardiness

Trajectories of depression in aging veterans and former prisoners‐of‐war: The role of social support and hardiness

New‐onset and exacerbated insomnia symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic in US military veterans: A nationally representative, prospective cohort study

Decoding shared versus divergent transcriptomic signatures across cortico-amygdala circuitry in PTSD and depressive disorders

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