Longitudinal surveillance of rotavirus A genotypes circulating in a high milk yield dairy cattle herd after the introduction of a rotavirus vaccine

Abstract

Worldwide, neonatal diarrhea is one of the most important health issues affecting dairy calves, and rotavirus A (RVA) is one of its primary causes. Among the measures to mitigate the risk of diarrhea outbreaks, cow vaccination stands out as one of the most important. However, the immune pressure resulting from routine vaccination may be able to select specific G and P genotypes in RVA field strains. This study aimed to determine the frequency and intensity of neonatal diarrhea and the incidence of RVA and attempted to monitor the G and P genotypes present in the RVA strains circulating in a high milk yield cattle herd vaccinated with RVA G6P[5] strain. Fecal samples (n = 1220) from 122 Holstein heifer calves between 0-30 days old that were born from RVA-vaccinated cows were collected at 10 different time points, regardless of the presence or absence of diarrhea. The presence of RVA in fecal samples was determined by the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) technique and confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). G and P amplicons from 10 RVA-positive fecal samples from calves of different ages and collections were subjected to nucleotide sequencing. The proportion of the calves and fecal samples that were positive for RVA were 62.3% (76/122) and 8.1% (99/1220), respectively. Using sequence analysis, all 10 RVA field strains presented genotype G10P [11]. The protection of G6P[5] vaccination is clear, as this genotype was not detected in this study, and it is known that vaccination against RVA reduces the incidence of diarrhea independent of genotype involved. This result demonstrates the importance of epidemiological monitoring of RVA genotypes circulating in vaccinated dairy cattle herds to the early detection of new potential pathogenic RVA strains. (A.A. Alfieri). Veterinary Microbiology 230 (2019) 260-264 0378-1135/

Prevalence and risk factors for agents causing diarrhea (Coronavirus, Rotavirus, Cryptosporidium spp., Eimeria spp., and nematodes helminthes) according to age in dairy calves from Brazil

“…Rotavirus is usually associated with Coronavirus, and both agents are one of the main enteropathogens responsible for neonatal diarrhea syndrome in calves (Coura et al 2015;Hayashi et al 2017;Almeida et al 2018;Bok et al 2018;Fritzen et al 2019).…”

High Occurrence Among Calves and Close Phylogenetic Relationships With Human Viruses Warrants Close Surveillance of Rotaviruses in Kuwaiti Dairy Farms

“…Vaccination of cattle has been proven to be beneficial against RVAG6 as this genotype does not appear in calves born by vaccinated mothers. Additionally, it is known that vaccination against RVA reduces the incidence of diarrhea independent of infection genotype ( 26 ). Current research has demonstrated a possible way of passive immunization of cattle with anti-bovine RVA immunoglobulin yolks (IgYs) from hens immunized with the two RVAs with different genotypes [G6P ( 5 ) and G10P ( 11 )].…”

Efficacy of prepartum vaccination against neonatal calf diarrhea in Nelore dams as a prevention measure

“…The results of the analysis of the BoRVA VP7 gene shows that the vaccine antigen typed as G6P [ 5 ] showed a 92.3% nucleotide identity with the field virus also classified as G6, showing that despite the existence of reports of the occurrence of other variants [ 14 , 15 ], the vaccine contains the viral strain of greatest occurrence.…”

“…Another problem that has been demonstrated in recent studies is the difference between strains used in the production of vaccines and strains found in the field, which puts in doubt the effectiveness of vaccination [ 13 ]. One study evaluated the occurrence of NCD by BoRVA in a herd regularly vaccinated with a commercial vaccine containing the BoRVA G6P [ 5 ] genotype and found 62.3% of the animals (76/122) positive for the G10P [ 11 ] genotype [ 14 ]. Another verified the occurrence of BoRVA diarrhea in a Turkish herd also regularly vaccinated against strain G6P [ 5 ] with high morbidity and mortality rates associated with the infection by strain G8P [ 5 , 15 ].…”