Longitudinal Surveillance of Porcine Rotavirus B Strains from the United States and Canada and In Silico Identification of Antigenically Important Sites

Shepherd, Frances K.; Murtaugh, Michael P.; Chen, Fangzhou; Culhane, Marie; Marthaler, Douglas

doi:10.3390/pathogens6040064

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…To explore the antigenic diversity of Buryat15, the VP7 amino acid identities were compared to previously characterized swine RVB strains of the G12 genotype at predicted antigenic sites [ 24 ] ( Table 1 ). Buryat15 has an asparagine at the hypervariable residue 65, which is only shared by RVB strains isolated in Illinois, USA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Buryat15 and tissue culture strain LS00011_Ohio share the same genotypes for all genes except for NSP3 (T4 versus T6, respectively) while Buryat15 and United States strains IL11, IL13, IL5, and IL7 share genotypes for all genes besides VP7. The Russian strain was also related to United States swine based on its similarity at the predicted antigenic site to swine RVB strains from the USA [ 24 ]. However, the number of RVB gene segments available for comparison is limited, especially for several of the NSP gene segments, and a finer resolution of RVB evolution and antigenic diversity may be obtained with sequencing additional RVB strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees were made with the RAxML method using a Generalized Time Reversible gamma model of nucleotide substitution and 500 bootstrap replicates. The swine RVB G12 strains were translated and aligned with Buryat15 to compare the 21 predicted antigenic sites of RVB VP7 [ 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome Characterization of a Pathogenic Porcine Rotavirus B Strain Identified in Buryat Republic, Russia in 2015

et al. 2018

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An outbreak of enteric disease of unknown etiology with 60% morbidity and 8% mortality in weaning piglets occurred in November 2015 on a farm in Buryat Republic, Russia. Metagenomic sequencing revealed the presence of rotavirus B in feces from diseased piglets while no other pathogens were identified. Clinical disease was reproduced in experimentally infected piglets, yielding the 11 RVB gene segments for strain Buryat15, with an RVB genotype constellation of G12-P[4]-I13-R4-C4-M4-A8-N10-T4-E4-H7. This genotype constellation has also been identified in the United States. While the Buryat15 VP7 protein lacked unique amino acid differences in the predicted neutralizing epitopes compared to the previously published swine RVB G12 strains, this report of RVB in Russian swine increases our epidemiological knowledge on the global prevalence and genetic diversity of RVB.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome Characterization of a Pathogenic Porcine Rotavirus B Strain Identified in Buryat Republic, Russia in 2015

et al. 2018

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“…Though successful experimental infections have been carried out in pigs, most have used cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived animals, which are germ-free. This model greatly differs from “conventional” pigs, which are colonized by S. suis , rendering them more resistant to infection (Dekker et al, 2012, 2013, 2017). Evaluation of virulence of serotype 9 strains in pigs is even more complicated than that of serotype 2 (Beineke et al, 2008) Moreover, it is important to note that Canadian serotype 9 strains (including that used in the present study) present a lower virulence profile than European strains (Zheng et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigen I/II Participates in the Interactions of Streptococcus suis Serotype 9 With Phagocytes and the Development of Systemic Disease

Auger

Boa

Segura

et al. 2019

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Streptococcus suis is an important porcine bacterial pathogen and a zoonotic agent causing a variety of pathologies including sudden death, septic shock, and meningitis. Though serotype 2 is the most studied serotype due to its presence worldwide, serotype 9 is responsible for the greatest number of porcine cases in Spain, the Netherlands, and Germany. Regardless of its increasing importance, very few studies have investigated S. suis serotype 9 virulence factors and pathogenesis. Antigens I/II (AgI/II) are multimodal adhesion proteins implicated in host respiratory tract and oral cavity persistence of various pathogenic human streptococci. It was recently demonstrated that AgI/II is involved in various bacterial functions for serotype 9, participating in the initial steps of the pathogenesis of the infection. However, its contribution to the systemic infection remains unknown. As such, we evaluated herein the role of the S. suis serotype 9 AgI/II in the interactions with phagocytes and the development of systemic disease in a mouse model of infection. Results demonstrated that the presence of AgI/II is important for the development of clinical systemic disease by promoting bacterial survival in blood possibly due to its effect on S. suis phagocytosis, as shown with macrophages and dendritic cells. Furthermore, AgI/II directly participates in dendritic cell activation and pro-inflammatory mediator production following recognition by the Toll-like receptor pathway, which may contribute to the exacerbated systemic inflammation responsible for host death. Taken together, this study demonstrates that the S. suis serotype 9 AgI/II is important for virulence during systemic infection and development of disease. In fact, this is the first study to describe a role of an AgI/II family member in systemic bacterial disease.

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“…The inoculated piglet developed diarrhea within 12 h of inoculation, and NGS of intestinal homogenate identified RVB. Of the 26 G genotypes and 5 P RVB genotypes known in all host species, 21 G genotypes (G4 and G6-G26) and 2 P genotypes (P[4]-P[5]) have been identified in pigs [ 68 ].…”

Section: Distribution and Genotypic Diversity Of Porcine Rotavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus Infection in Swine: Genotypic Diversity, Immune Responses, and Role of Gut Microbiome in Rotavirus Immunity

et al. 2022

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Rotaviruses (RVs) are endemic in swine populations, and all swine herds certainly have a history of RV infection and circulation. Rotavirus A (RVA) and C (RVC) are the most common among all RV species reported in swine. RVA was considered most prevalent and pathogenic in swine; however, RVC has been emerging as a significant cause of enteritis in newborn piglets. RV eradication from swine herds is not practically achievable, hence producers’ mainly focus on minimizing the production impact of RV infections by reducing mortality and diarrhea. Since no intra-uterine passage of immunoglobulins occur in swine during gestation, newborn piglets are highly susceptible to RV infection at birth. Boosting lactogenic immunity in gilts by using vaccines and natural planned exposure (NPE) is currently the only way to prevent RV infections in piglets. RVs are highly diverse and multiple RV species have been reported from swine, which also contributes to the difficulties in preventing RV diarrhea in swine herds. Human RV-gut microbiome studies support a link between microbiome composition and oral RV immunogenicity. Such information is completely lacking for RVs in swine. It is not known how RV infection affects the functionality or structure of gut microbiome in swine. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of genotypic diversity of swine RVs, host-ranges, innate and adaptive immune responses to RVs, homotypic and heterotypic immunity to RVs, current methods used for RV management in swine herds, role of maternal immunity in piglet protection, and prospects of investigating swine gut microbiota in providing immunity against rotaviruses.

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Longitudinal Surveillance of Porcine Rotavirus B Strains from the United States and Canada and In Silico Identification of Antigenically Important Sites

Cited by 7 publications

References 52 publications

Genome Characterization of a Pathogenic Porcine Rotavirus B Strain Identified in Buryat Republic, Russia in 2015

Genome Characterization of a Pathogenic Porcine Rotavirus B Strain Identified in Buryat Republic, Russia in 2015

Antigen I/II Participates in the Interactions of Streptococcus suis Serotype 9 With Phagocytes and the Development of Systemic Disease

Rotavirus Infection in Swine: Genotypic Diversity, Immune Responses, and Role of Gut Microbiome in Rotavirus Immunity

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