Longitudinal study to investigate variation in results of repeated ELISA and culture of fecal samples for Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in commercial dairy herds

Schaik, G. van; Rossiter, Christine R; Stehman, Susan M.; Shin, Seung Uon; Schukken, Y.H.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.479

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…The high and constant titres in the former pattern led us to hypothesise the existence of heavy-shedder cows, as already described for Escherichia coli [22,29] and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) [32]. However, while heavy faecal shedding is recognised to have a high impact on E. coli or MAP transmission within a herd [22,32], the role of heavy milk shedders of Coxiella burnetii in bacterium transmission between animals and from animals to humans remains questionable [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coxiella burnetiishedding by dairy cows

Guatteo

Beaudeau

Joly³

et al. 2007

Vet. Res.

144

142

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-While shedding routes of Coxiella burnetii are identified, the characteristics of Coxiella shedding are still widely unknown, especially in dairy cattle. However, this information is crucial to assess the natural course of Coxiella burnetii infection within a herd and then to elaborate strategies to limit the risks of transmission between animals and to humans. The present study aimed at (i) describing the characteristics of Coxiella burnetii shedding by dairy cows (in milk, vaginal mucus, faeces) in five infected dairy herds, and at (ii) investigating the possible relationships between shedding patterns and serological responses. A total of 145 cows were included in a follow-up consisting of seven concomitant samplings of milk, vaginal mucus, faeces and blood (Day 0, D7, D14, D21, D28, D63, D90). Detection and quantification of Coxiella burnetii titres were performed in milk, vaginal mucus and faeces samples using real-time PCR assay, while antibodies against Coxiella were detected using an ELISA technique. For a given shedding route, and a given periodicity (weekly or monthly), cows were gathered into different shedding kinetic patterns according to the sequence of PCR responses. Distribution of estimated titres in Coxiella burnetii was described according to shedding kinetic patterns. Coxiella burnetii shedding was found scarcely and sporadically in faeces. Vaginal mucus shedding concerned almost 50% of the cows studied and was found intermittently or sporadically, depending on the periodicity considered. Almost 40% of cows were detected as milk shedders, with two predominant shedding patterns: persistent and sporadic, regardless of the sampling periodicity. Significantly higher estimated titres in Coxiella burnetii were observed in cows with persistent shedding patterns suggesting the existence of heavy shedder cows. These latter cows were mostly, persistently highly-seropositive, suggesting that repeated serological testings could be a reliable tool to screen heavy shedders, before using PCR assays. dairy cow / Coxiella burnetii / shedding / antibodies / kinetics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…paratuberculosis (MAP) [32]. However, while heavy faecal shedding is recognised to have a high impact on E. coli or MAP transmission within a herd [22,32], the role of heavy milk shedders of Coxiella burnetii in bacterium transmission between animals and from animals to humans remains questionable [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coxiella burnetiishedding by dairy cows

Guatteo

Beaudeau

Joly³

et al. 2007

Vet. Res.

144

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Most of these programs adopt necessary control measures in accordance with the degree of infection of each farm. Given the nature of the disease, however, diagnostic methods for Johne's disease do not always provide results with sufficient reliability to allow the estimation of farm prevalence [16,20]. Nevertheless, estimation of the degree of within-farm infection should assist animal health administrators to determine appropriate measures at an early stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, detection of subclinically infected cattle is not easily achieved by current diagnostic methods owing to their strong dependence on the timing and proper use of diagnostic tests, as well as life stage or physiological condition of the cattle, including age or stress associated with pregnancy or calving [16,20]. As a result, infected farms in Japan are placed under regulatory monitoring with more frequent testing for a certain period determined by the respective prefecture [13,14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic Indicators Associated with Within-farm Spread of Johne's Disease in Dairy Farms in Japan

Kobayashi

Tsutsui

Yamamoto

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Epidemiologic indicators associated with within-farm infection of Johne's disease in dairy farms in Japan were determined through a nationwide investigation of infected farms. We assumed that subsequent detection of the disease within one year after the first detection could represent the occurrence of within-farm spread occurring before the first detection. Of 594 infected farms, 158 farms (27%) had at least one additional detection. Logistic regression analysis using epidemiologic information obtained from infected farms at the time of the first detection revealed three epidemiologic indicators associated with subsequent detection. Farms at which the first cases included cattle with clinical signs were 3.8 (95% confidence interval: 2.2, 6.8) times more likely to have additional detections than those with cattle without clinical signs. Similarly, farms where two or more cattle were detected at the time of first detection and where cattle were held in a loose housing system were 2.8 (95% CI: 1.8, 4.5) and 2.0 (95% CI: 1.1, 3.6) times more likely to have additional detections than those where only one animal was detected and a tied-up housing system was used, respectively. These epidemiologic indicators are likely important determinants in the selection of farms requiring more intensive on-farm control measures. KEY WORDS: epidemiology, Johne's disease, logistic regression model, retrospective cohort study.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 69(12): 1255-1258 Johne's disease is a chronic intestinal disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis which is found throughout the world [4,12]. It affects dairy industries by reducing milk yield and slaughter values, and increasing culling rates [1,3,8,10]. In the U.S.A., for example, annual economic losses due to Johne's disease have been estimated at US$200-250 million [17].Johne's disease is a notifiable disease in Japan, and by the mid-1990s, all cases were being reported to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). In addition to this passive surveillance, active surveillance is now also undertaken following an amendment of the Domestic Animal Infectious Disease Control Law in 1997. All targeted cattle designated by each prefecture undergo testing for Johne's disease at least once every five years. In 2004, these two surveillance methods together detected a total of 1,118 infected cattle and 608 farms, respectively [6].Because of the nature of the Johne's disease it is difficult to detect all infected cattle by single testing only. In particular, detection of subclinically infected cattle is not easily achieved by current diagnostic methods owing to their strong dependence on the timing and proper use of diagnostic tests, as well as life stage or physiological condition of the cattle, including age or stress associated with pregnancy or calving [16,20]. As a result, infected farms in Japan are placed under regulatory monitoring with more frequent testing for a certain period determined by the respective prefecture [13,14]. All c...

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“…That is, cows that are consistently slow to conceive may have extended lactation periods relative to other cows in the herd and may be substantially older than other cows of the same parity. Previous studies have reported that cows in the second lactation and later have significantly higher ELISA values 24 and are 2-3 times more likely to have a positive ELISA result 17 compared with cows in the first lactation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Age and Milk Production Data to Improve the Ability of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Test Results to PredictMycobacterium Aviumssp.ParatuberculosisFecal Culture Status

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Cows from 2 California dairies were tested for paratuberculosis at the end of lactation by using fecal culture and a commercially available serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kit. Individual cow characteristics and production variables were evaluated along with ELISA testing results as predictors of fecal culture status. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, age and a herd-standardized version of 305-day mature equivalent (305 ME) milk production were significant predictors of fecal culture status after adjusting for herd, quarter of the study year, and ELISA sample-to-positive (S/P) ratio. The area under a nonparametric receiver operating characteristic curve was significantly greater for a multivariable model that included age and the level of milk production when compared with a model without these covariates. In conclusion, consideration of cow-level covariates was useful as an aid in predicting Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) fecal culture status. For a given ELISA S/P ratio, older cows and those with lower 305 ME milk production relative to other cows in the herd were significantly more likely to be shedding MAP in their feces at the end of lactation.

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Longitudinal study to investigate variation in results of repeated ELISA and culture of fecal samples for Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in commercial dairy herds

Cited by 39 publications

References 9 publications

Coxiella burnetiishedding by dairy cows

Coxiella burnetiishedding by dairy cows

Epidemiologic Indicators Associated with Within-farm Spread of Johne's Disease in Dairy Farms in Japan

Use of Age and Milk Production Data to Improve the Ability of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Test Results to PredictMycobacterium Aviumssp.ParatuberculosisFecal Culture Status

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