Longitudinal study of resilience and mental health in marines leaving military service

Hourani, Laurel L.; Bender, Randall; Weimer, Belinda; Peeler, Russ; Bradshaw, Michael; Lane, Marian E.; Larson, Gerald E.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.01.008

Cited by 65 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…34 Resilience is, therefore, more often conceptualised at the individual level than at the group or organisational level in the academic literature. For Hourani et al (2012), resilience embodies the personal qualities that enable individuals to thrive in the face of adversity, including self-esteem, optimism and perceived control. In this paper, resilience is also presented as a multidimensional characteristic that varies with context, time, age, gender, and cultural origin, and according to an individual subject's life circumstances.…”

Section: Review Of Academic Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, resilience is also presented as a multidimensional characteristic that varies with context, time, age, gender, and cultural origin, and according to an individual subject's life circumstances. According to Hourani et al (2012), resilience can be seen as a predictor of an individual's ability to conduct day-to-day activities regardless of wider emotional or psychological influences.…”

Section: Review Of Academic Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where the links between the two concepts are discussed, a range of interpretations are offered. For example, Hourani et al (2012) consider that previous experience of adapting to change influences individuals' ability to cope with ever-present internal and external stressors 100 ; thus resilience may be viewed as a measure of the ability to cope effectively with transition. For , transitioning military families are said to have an inherent resilience that helps them adjust -and even to thrive -when facing repeated challenges.…”

Section: Review Of Academic Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 ; Hourani, Bender et al (2012); McGarry, Walklate et al (2015). 31 See for example: ; McGarry, Walklate et al (2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31 See for example: ; McGarry, Walklate et al (2015). 32 Albertson, Irving et al (2015); ; ; Hourani, Bender et al (2012). 33 Albertson, Irving et al (2015); .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding resilience as it affects the transition from the UK Armed Forces to civilian life

Cox¹,

Grand-Clement²,

Galai³

et al. 2018

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For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/rr2436Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif., and Cambridge, UK RAND Europe is a not-for-profit research organisation that helps to improve policy and decision making through research and analysis. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution RightsThis document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html. Support PrefaceThis report is the third deliverable of a six-month study commissioned by the Forces in Mind Trust (FiMT), which assesses the evidence relating to resilience and transition for UK Service leavers. This document presents the findings of a literature review which comprised three approaches: a systematic review of academic literature, a Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) of academic and grey literature, and a scoping review of ongoing research in this domain.In this report, the study team provides an overview of how the links between 'resilience' and 'transition' are conceptualised in the literature reviewed. It then explores existing approaches to categorising Service leavers, before identifying a range of challenges that can affect Service leavers and a number of comparator groups. Finally, a series of recommendations are outlined for research, policy and service provision.RAND Europe is an independent, not-for-profit policy research organisation that aims to improve policy and decision making in the public interest through research and analysis. RAND Europe's clients include European governments, institutions, non-governmental organisations and other organisations with a need for rigorous, independent, multidisciplinary analysis. Foreword by the Forces in Mind TrustWhilst most of those leaving the UK Armed Forces go on to lead successful civilian lives, there are unfortunately a minority who are negatively affected by the challenges faced during transition. To help those who struggle, we must first understand why they do, and why the majority do not. Resilience is a concept which has come up time and again in relation to successful transition and which featured strongly in the 2016 FiMT Life Transitions consultation. It is because of this regularity, and a lack of robust evidence to support it, that FiMT decided to commission RAND Europe to undertake this review.Transition is not a straightforward process: it is an individual experience and Service leavers can face unique challenges. Resilience is a common and beneficial characteristic...

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Section: Review Of Academic Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Academic Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Academic Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 ; Hourani, Bender et al (2012); McGarry, Walklate et al (2015). 31 See for example: ; McGarry, Walklate et al (2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31 See for example: ; McGarry, Walklate et al (2015). 32 Albertson, Irving et al (2015); ; ; Hourani, Bender et al (2012). 33 Albertson, Irving et al (2015); .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding resilience as it affects the transition from the UK Armed Forces to civilian life

Cox¹,

Grand-Clement²,

Galai³

et al. 2018

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Development and evaluation of the Expressions of Moral Injury Scale—Military Version

Currier

Farnsworth

Drescher

et al. 2017

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

142

211

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There is consensus that military personnel can encounter a far more diverse set of challenges than researchers and clinicians have historically appreciated. Moral injury (MI) represents an emerging construct to capture behavioural, social, and spiritual suffering that may transcend and overlap with mental health diagnoses (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder). The Expressions of Moral Injury Scale-Military Version (EMIS-M) was developed to provide a reliable and valid means for assessing the warning signs of a MI in military populations. Drawing on independent samples of veterans who had served in a war-zone environment, factor analytic results revealed 2 distinct factors related to MI expressions directed at both self (9 items) and others (8 items). These subscales generated excellent internal consistency and temporal stability over a 6-month period. When compared to measures of post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, and other theoretically relevant constructs (e.g., forgiveness, social support, moral emotions, and combat exposure), EMIS-M scores demonstrated strong convergent, divergent, and incremental validity. In addition, although structural equation modelling findings supported a possible general MI factor in Study 2, the patterns of associations for self- and other-directed expressions yielded evidence for differential validity with varying forms of forgiveness and combat exposure. As such, the EMIS-M provides a face valid, psychometrically validated tool for assessing expressions of apparent MI subtypes in research and clinical settings. Looking ahead, the EMIS-M will hopefully advance the scientific understanding of MI while supporting innovation for clinicians to tailor evidence-based treatments and/or develop novel approaches for addressing MI in their work.

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Perceived Social Support Mediates Anxiety and Depressive Symptom Changes Following Primary Care Intervention

et al. 2013

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Background The current study tested whether perceived social support serves as a mediator of anxiety and depressive symptom change following evidence-based anxiety treatment in the primary care setting. Gender, age, and race were tested as moderators. Methods Data were obtained from 1004 adult patients (age M=43, SD=13; 71% female; 56% White, 20% Hispanic, 12% Black) who participated in a randomized effectiveness trial (CALM Study) comparing evidence-based intervention (cognitive-behavioral therapy and/or psychopharmacology) to usual care in the primary care setting. Patients were assessed with a battery of questionnaires at baseline, as well as at 6-, 12-, and 18-months following baseline. Measures utilized in the mediation analyses included the Abbreviated Medical Outcomes (MOS) Social Support Survey, the Brief Symptom Index (BSI) – Somatic and Anxiety subscales, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results There was a mediating effect over time of perceived social support on symptom change following treatment, with stronger effects for 18-month depression than anxiety. None of the mediating pathways were moderated by gender, age, or race. Conclusions Perceived social support may be central to anxiety and depressive symptom changes over time with evidence-based intervention in the primary care setting. These findings possibly have important implications for development of anxiety interventions.

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Longitudinal study of resilience and mental health in marines leaving military service

Cited by 65 publications

References 26 publications

Understanding resilience as it affects the transition from the UK Armed Forces to civilian life

Understanding resilience as it affects the transition from the UK Armed Forces to civilian life

Development and evaluation of the Expressions of Moral Injury Scale—Military Version

Perceived Social Support Mediates Anxiety and Depressive Symptom Changes Following Primary Care Intervention

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