Longitudinal study of energy expenditure in preterm neonates &lt;30 weeks' gestation during the first three postnatal weeks

Bauer, Karl; Laurenz, Maren; Ketteler, Jörg; Versmold, Hans T.

doi:10.1067/mpd.2003.143

Cited by 41 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Additionally, early provision of a higher energy supply in other studies may have increased REE in their infants (13). We found a close correlation between REE and energy intake in accordance with previous trials (11,(13)(14)(15). In the smallest infants (26-28 wk) in our present study, REE values increased by 140% during the observation time, by 77% in the more mature infants (29-32 wk), and by 60% in the neonates of advanced gestational age (33-35 wk).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The results of these studies varied because of different contributing factors that influence EE. Recently, 2 small longitudinal studies of resting EE (REE) in preterm infants with a birth weight ,1500 g (14) or ,1000 g (15) during the first 3 and 5 wk, respectively, were published. However, longitudinal studies of "normal" values of REE in a large cohort of healthy, growing, and stable preterm infants and full-term neonates have not been found in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic rate analysis of healthy preterm and full-term infants during the first weeks of life

Bauer¹,

Werner²,

Gerß³

2009

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Longitudinal data on resting energy expenditure (REE) in extremely immature infants and full-term neonates are scarce but are necessary to understand the energy requirements in neonatal nutrition during the first weeks of life. Objective: The aim of the present study was to measure REE and its main components longitudinally during the first weeks of life to quantify their significant determinants. Design: REE was investigated longitudinally over a period of 6 wk in healthy, stable, and growing preterm infants and over 5 wk in full-term neonates by means of indirect calorimetry. Results: A total of 197 infants, including 183 premature infants and 14 full-term neonates, were recruited for the study. REE values increased in all gestational age groups from the first week to 5-6 wk of postnatal age, with the most pronounced increase in the smallest infants (+140%) and the smallest increase in the fullterm neonates (+47%). Univariate calculations showed that for each postnatal week, REE increased by 6.93-9.64 kcal Á kg 21 Á d 21 with each additional kcal administered, for an average increase of 0.701 kcal, and increased by 1.78 kcal for each 1 g gain in weight. Postnatal age was the strongest predictor to influence REE (r 2 = 0.727, P , 0.0001). Conclusions:This study provides comprehensive data on longitudinally determined REE values of healthy premature and fullterm infants. Results may serve as a basis for comparative studies that address various disease states as well as different nutritional protocols.Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:1517-24.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic rate analysis of healthy preterm and full-term infants during the first weeks of life

Bauer¹,

Werner²,

Gerß³

2009

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…In the present study, both control and septic infants shared the same clinical characteristics (except sepsis) and were studied in the same environment, so both groups experienced any errors of the method. In addition, TEE estimates of the control group are consistent with measurements made by respiratory calorimetry in subjects of similar gestational and postnatal age (20,21). It therefore seems likely that the determinations made in the present study reasonably reflect energy expenditure during sepsis in extremely preterm infants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Effect of Late-Onset Sepsis on Energy Expenditure in Extremely Premature Infants

et al. 2007

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ABSTRACT:The purpose of this study was to compare total energy expenditure (TEE) in extremely premature infants during and after an episode of sepsis. We hypothesized that TEE in the sepsis group (SEP) would be higher during the septic period and higher than an age-matched control group (CTL). We further hypothesized that the TEE of the SEP group during the recovery period would be similar to that of the CTL group. The doubly labeled water method was used to determine TEE in both groups. Infant characteristics were as follows: SEP group, n ϭ 10, gestation ϭ 26 Ϯ 1 wk, birth weight ϭ 854 Ϯ 218 g; CTL group, n ϭ 10, gestation ϭ 26 Ϯ 1 wk, birth weight ϭ 880 Ϯ 158 g. TEE of the SEP group during the septic period was significantly greater than during the recovery period (96 Ϯ 25 kcal/kg/d versus 55 Ϯ 17 kcal/kg/d) and significantly greater than the CTL group during the first study period (96 Ϯ 25 kcal/kg/d versus 67 Ϯ 12 kcal/kg/d). TEE in the SEP group during the recovery period was similar to the CTL group. These increases in TEE may contribute to impaired growth and need to be considered when providing nutritional support for extremely premature infants. I nfections remain a common and important problem in premature infants. Late-onset sepsis (Ͼ72 h of life) occurs in approximately 20% of very low birth weight infants and 35% of extremely low birth weight infants (1). Morbidities in survivors of late-onset sepsis are significant and include neurodevelopmental disabilities and poor growth outcomes (2). Understanding how particular clinical conditions in extremely premature infants (Ͻ29 wk of gestation) affect nutritional requirements is necessary to support optimal growth. Specifically, the effect of late-onset sepsis on energy expenditure and requirements has not been evaluated in extremely preterm infants. Studies in adult subjects with sepsis have documented 50%-90% higher energy expenditures (3-5); a 20% increase in energy expenditure has been measured in full-term neonates with early-onset sepsis (6).The purpose of this study was to measure TEE in extremely premature infants during an episode of late-onset sepsis and again after recovery using the doubly labeled water technique. To control for the potential effect of time, TEE was also measured in a control group of age-and gestation-matched extremely preterm infants without sepsis. We hypothesized that TEE would be higher in the septic group during the septic episode compared with recovery. We further hypothesized that TEE would be higher in the septic group during sepsis compared with the control group. METHODS Subjects.The study population consisted of two groups. The first included 10 infants with sepsis (SEP group) documented by a positive blood culture. The second was the CTL group of 10 infants without sepsis. Infants were eligible for inclusion in the study at Ͼ72 h of life with birth weights Ͻ1500 g and gestational ages Ͻ29 wk. Exclusion criteria included any chromosomal and/or congenital anomalies, seizures, or necrotizing enterocolitis. Variance ex...

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“…Segundo, o GE aumenta proporcionalmente ao consumo energético, pelo menos na faixa de taxas baixas a suficientes de consumo energético 7,8 . Desta forma, se os recém-nascidos pré-termo não recebem nenhum alimento ou se são alimentados em excesso, suas taxas metabólicas reduzem à medida que as taxas de proteína (primariamente) e a síntese de Quarto, o fornecimento de energia acima das necessidades para taxas normais de GE não produz mais crescimento de massa corporal magra, que é dependente do consumo de proteínas e apresenta um limite acima do qual o crescimento não aumenta, e sim o conteúdo da gordura corporal.…”

Section: Indirect Calorimetry: a Potential But As Yet Unrealized Techunclassified

Indirect calorimetry: a potential but as yet unrealized technique for guiding nutritional management

Hay¹,

Thureen²

2007

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Longitudinal study of energy expenditure in preterm neonates <30 weeks' gestation during the first three postnatal weeks

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

Metabolic rate analysis of healthy preterm and full-term infants during the first weeks of life

Metabolic rate analysis of healthy preterm and full-term infants during the first weeks of life

Effect of Late-Onset Sepsis on Energy Expenditure in Extremely Premature Infants

Indirect calorimetry: a potential but as yet unrealized technique for guiding nutritional management

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