Longitudinal study of antimicrobial-resistant commensal Escherichia coli in the faeces of horses in an equine hospital

Maddox, Thomas W.; Williams, Nicola; Clegg, Peter; O’Donnell, Andrew J.; Dawson, Susan; Pinchbeck, Gina

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.02.006

Cited by 45 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…However, none of these studies has examined the association of time of sampling during hospitalization on the results. In adult horses, E coli bacteria isolated from fecal samples were more resistant after a period of hospitalization and treatment with antimicrobials, demonstrating the effect on bacteriological culture and susceptibility testing results also seen in our study of foals with sepsis …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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Differences in isolation rate and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from foals with sepsis at admission and after ≥48 hours of hospitalization

Theelen

Wilson

Byrne

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Antimicrobial treatment protocols for foals with sepsis that do not improve clinically often are adjusted based on bacteriological and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results from samples collected at hospital admission. Objectives To evaluate whether hospitalization for ≥48 hours affects bacteriological and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results. Animals Two‐hundred sixty‐seven foals <30 days of age admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit and diagnosed with sepsis. Methods Medical records were reviewed retrospectively to identify foals with sepsis and positive bacteriological cultures. Results from samples collected at hospital admission were compared to those collected ≥48 hours after admission. Logistic regression for clustered data and exact logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results Three‐hundred fifty‐three unique bacterial isolates were obtained from 231 foals at hospital admission and 92 unique bacterial isolates were obtained from 57 foals after ≥48 hours of hospitalization. Relative isolation frequency after ≥48 hours of hospitalization increased for Acinetobacter spp., 0.6% versus 3.3% (odds ratio [OR], 7.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28‐45.45); Enterococcus spp., 4.8% versus 19.6% (OR, 5.37; 95% CI, 2.64‐10.90); Klebsiella spp., 5.1% versus 10.9% (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.05‐4.89); Pseudomonas spp., 3.0% versus 7.6% (OR, 3.49; 95% CI, 3.49‐240.50); and Serratia spp., 3.0% versus 5.4% (OR, 20.23; 95% CI, 2.20‐186.14). Bacteria isolated after ≥48 hours of hospitalization were less susceptible to all tested antimicrobial drugs, except for imipenem. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Decreased antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated after ≥48 hours of hospitalization provides a rationale for repeated bacteriological culture and susceptibility testing in hospitalized foals with sepsis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…In adult horses, hospitalization and treatment with antimicrobial drugs create selection pressure on bacteria, leading to the development of antimicrobial resistance . Several studies have reported on isolation rate and susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from foals with sepsis .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in isolation rate and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from foals with sepsis at admission and after ≥48 hours of hospitalization

Theelen

Wilson

Byrne

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…These can be dispersed in the environment, for example in sewage effluent pumped into rivers [14] and spreading sewage sludge as a fertilizer, or in the faeces of treated livestock and pets [15,16] (figure 2). Effluent and run-off from fields will often end up flowing into the sea, resulting in estuaries, coastal waters and beaches polluted by faecal matter [14] ( figure 1).…”

Section: Potential Sources Of Antimicrobial Resistance In the Environmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Disperse abroad in the land’: the role of wildlife in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance

2016

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been detected in the microbiota of many wildlife species, including long-distance migrants. Inadequately treated wastes from humans and livestock dosed with antimicrobial drugs are often assumed to be the main sources of AMR to wildlife. While wildlife populations closely associated with human populations are more likely to harbour clinically important AMR related to that found in local humans and livestock, AMR is still common in remote wildlife populations with little direct human influence. Most reports of AMR in wildlife are survey based and/or small scale, so researchers can only speculate on possible sources and sinks of AMR or the impact of wildlife AMR on clinical resistance. This lack of quantitative data on the flow of AMR genes and AMR bacteria across the natural environment could reflect the numerous AMR sources and amplifiers in the populated world. Ecosystems with relatively simple and well-characterized potential inputs of AMR can provide tractable, but realistic, systems for studying AMR in the natural environment. New tools, such as animal tracking technologies and high-throughput sequencing of resistance genes and mobilomes, should be integrated with existing methodologies to understand how wildlife maintains and disperses AMR.

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“…Staphylokokkus aureus kann beim Menschen oberflächliche, eitrige Infektionen, aber auch schwere systemische Erkrankungen, wie Osteomyelitis, Pneumonie und Endokarditis hervorrufen. Auch ist ein Anstieg von Co-Kolonisationen beziehungsweise Co-Infektionen mit ESBL-produzierenden Escherichia coli (Meyer et al 2011) in der Humanmedizin und in der Veterinärmedizin (Maddox et al 2011) zu verzeichnen. Diese gram-negativen Bakterien kommen physiologisch im Darm von Pferden vor.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Durch Antibiotikagaben werden auch in der Darmflora Resistenzen gefördert. So konnte ein deutlicher Anstieg der multiresistenten ESBL-produzierenden E. coli bei hospitalisierten Pferden der Pferdeklinik der Universität Liverpool nach Gabe von ß-Lactamen, Cephalosporinen, Aminoglykosiden, Tetracyclinen und Trimetoprim beobachtet werden (Maddox et al 2011). In einer Studie der Universität Gent konnte bei 40 % der hospitalisierten Pferde MRSA auf der Haut nachgewiesen werden (Eede et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Antimicrobial drug use in horses undergoing colic surgery in Germany

Teschner¹,

Barton²,

Klaus³

et al. 2015

PHK

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Antimicrobial drug use in horses undergoing colic surgery in Germany A questionnaire-based survey of 68 German equine hospitals was performed in order to acquire data of postoperative short-term incisional complications and of antimicrobial use in horses undergoing celiotomy. The questions asked included the following: type of antimicrobial drug used, method of drug dosage determination, timing of application and duration of antimicrobial treatment, number of performed colic surgeries per year, time to discharge from the hospital after laparotomy, incisional complication rate (occurring before discharge from clinic), most commonly cultured bacteria and specification and frequency of multi-resistant bacteria. The questionnaire was completed by 33.8 % of the contacted equine hospitals. The combination of penicillin and gentamicin was the most frequent (34.8 %) used antimicrobial therapy. 47.8 % of the responding equine hospitals are using local antimicrobial therapy (mainly intra-abdominal just before wound closure). The majority does neither weight the horse nor uses a weight tape to determine body weight. Mean duration of antimicrobial use was five days. The average number of celiotomies per clinic and year was 74. Mean time to discharge was nine days after surgery. Overall, incisional complications were stated to occur rarely. Staphylococcus spp. and Enterobacteriacae spp. were the most commonly isolated bacterial populations. The detection of multi-resistant bacteria was stated to be "rare" or "never detected". Results of this study offer an inconsistent regime of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in equine hospitals in Germany. Introduction of guidelines for antimicrobial use might lead to more prudent use of antimicrobials and might help to reduce the development of resistant bacteria as well as incisional infections.

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Longitudinal study of antimicrobial-resistant commensal Escherichia coli in the faeces of horses in an equine hospital

Cited by 45 publications

References 51 publications

Differences in isolation rate and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from foals with sepsis at admission and after ≥48 hours of hospitalization

Differences in isolation rate and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from foals with sepsis at admission and after ≥48 hours of hospitalization

‘Disperse abroad in the land’: the role of wildlife in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance

Antimicrobial drug use in horses undergoing colic surgery in Germany

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