Longitudinal studies of the natural history of caries—II

Carlos, James P.; Gittelsohn, Alan M.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(65)90127-5

Cited by 171 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The rate of increase in %-DMFS appeared to be linear in all trajectory groups, with no apparent drop-off in the rate of increase in %-DMFS with increasing age. Thus, analysis of our data does not support the commonly held belief among dentists that childhood and adolescence are periods of special risk for dental caries, or that caries 'immunity' may be acquired during late adolescence or early adulthood (Carlos and Gittelsohn, 1965). In this population at least, new caries appears to be occurring at a relatively constant rate, implying that for greatest benefit, caries-preventive measures are necessary at all stages of the life-course.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Trajectory Patterns of Dental Caries Experience in the Permanent Dentition to the Fourth Decade of Life

2008

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Dental caries is a chronic, cumulative disease, but no studies have investigated longitudinal patterns of caries experience. The objective of this study was to identify and describe developmental trajectories of caries experience in the permanent dentition to age 32. Longitudinal caries data for 955 participants in a longstanding birth cohort study were analyzed by trajectory analysis. Three caries experience trajectories were identified by the SAS macro PROC TRAJ; these were categorized as "high" (~ 15%), "medium" (~ 43%), and "low" (~ 42%) DMFS (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Surfaces). All were relatively linear, although the higher trajectories were more "S-shaped". This effect disappeared following adjustment for the number of unaffected surfaces remaining at each age, suggesting that, among individuals following a similar caries trajectory, caries rate is relatively constant across time.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Trajectory Patterns of Dental Caries Experience in the Permanent Dentition to the Fourth Decade of Life

2008

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“…They observed that the most difficult age interval appeared to be from 8 to 10 years and they believed that the most obvious reason for that is the fact that first molars erupt around 7 years and the high risk surfaces of these teeth are soon after their emergence, and therefore very few surfaces of high risk are left after age 8 years. This novel observation contradicts that textbook information by Carlos and Gittelsohn (1965) that molar teeth (as most other teeth) are most vulnerable to caries 2-2½ years after tooth emergence, which probably is due to the heavy left-censoring of the data as discussed before.…”

Section: Survival Analysis In Practice-based Dentistrycontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…The first study utilizing survival analysis methods by calibrated examiners is the classic study of Carlos and Gittelsohn (1965). Their report was based on a clinical trial of children aged 4-18 years at baseline and conducted in two towns in the state of New York, USA in the 1940's.…”

Section: Survival Analysis In Evidence-based Dentistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical and Modern Methods in Caries Epidemiology

Larmas¹,

Vähänikkilä²,

Leskinen³

et al. 2012

Oral Health Care - Pediatric, Research, Epidemiology and Clinical Practices

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“…Facts supporting the association between S. mutans and dental caries ( I) Association with disease in animals and man (2) Animal pathogenicity (3) Communicability of S. mutans and dental caries in animals and man (4) Reduction or elimination of S. mutans reduces incidence of dental caries (5) Unique combination of caries-associated biochemical characteristics Caldwell and Lehner, 1982;Lehner et al, 1985a], Thus parenteral immunization di rected to S. mutans could favour the early establishment of a non-cariogenic micro flora on the teeth, which in turn could pre vent or delay the colonization of patho genic S. mutans. As the teeth are highly susceptible to dental caries immediately after eruption [Carlos and Gittelsohn, 1965] a delay in colonization of S. mutans might be the explanation for the caries re duction in the first permanent molars which has been observed in experiments in rhesus monkeys. Fully erupted teeth would be subject to specific serum anti bodies which could influence the coloni zation of S. mutans in the so-called gingi val domain .…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Action Of a Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

An Anticaries Vaccine: Report on the Status of Research

Krasse¹,

Emilson²,

Gahnberg³

1987

Caries Res

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The state of the art of the research on a vaccine against dental caries has been reviewed. The subject has been analysed both from the biological and from the public health point of view. It is concluded that Streptococcus mutans plays a key role for the development of dental caries and that a vaccine directed against this microorganism could be a valuable adjunct to existing preventive measures in some countries. In others it could be a major public health measure. The unique characteristics of dental caries partly explain why a vaccine is not yet available. Protection against dental caries by immunization could be achieved by protective antibodies from serum, by IgA antibodies in saliva or by a combined effect of serum and salivary components. In rodents both peroral and parenteral immunization has provided protection against S. mutans infection and dental caries. In primates only parenteral immunization has given positive results. In humans peroral immunization has led to an increased salivary antibody activity in some studies but not in others. There is no conclusive evidence which shows that antibodies against S. mutans can influence dental caries activity in man. As structures on the cell surface of S. mutans cross-react with human tissue much work has been concentrated on identification of candidate antigens. Some of these have been purified and tested in vitro and in animal systems. Some protein antigens have given a clear-cut caries protection in primates and one of these has been produced in large amounts and is ready for testing in humans. Another candidate antigen, the enzyme complex called glucosyltransferase has shown protection in rodents and the effect of peroral administration of this antigen is now being tested in man. A considerable amount of knowledge has been obtained and the activity in the research area is high. Some groups have focused on basic immunology and have little understanding of the disease. In other groups the reverse is true. A consequence of this is that collaborative studies ought to be organized. By such studies key information about the possible role of antibodies in the development of dental caries in man could be obtained within a reasonable period of time.

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Longitudinal studies of the natural history of caries—II

Cited by 171 publications

References 7 publications

Trajectory Patterns of Dental Caries Experience in the Permanent Dentition to the Fourth Decade of Life

Trajectory Patterns of Dental Caries Experience in the Permanent Dentition to the Fourth Decade of Life

Classical and Modern Methods in Caries Epidemiology

An Anticaries Vaccine: Report on the Status of Research

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