Longitudinal relations between child vagal tone and parenting behavior: 2 to 4 years

Kennedy, Amy E.; Rubin, Kenneth H.; Hastings, Paul D.; Maisel, Beth

doi:10.1002/dev.20013

Cited by 91 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Stability in cardiac vagal tone has also been reported in infants and children from 9 months to 3 years (Porges et al, 1994b), 2 months to 5 years (Bornstein & Suess, 2000), and 2-to 4-years of age (Kennedy, Rubin, Hastings, & Maisel, 2004). Similar levels of stability have been found across a 2-year interval in children and young adolescents (El-Sheikh, 2004), and across shorter time intervals in adults (Byrne, Slater, & Porges, 1990;Hatch, Borcherding, & Norris, 1990).…”

Section: Frontal Electroencephalogram (Eeg) Asymmetrymentioning

confidence: 63%

Stability of resting frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone in adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment

Miskovic

Schmidt

Georgiades

et al. 2009

Developmental Psychobiology

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The experience of child maltreatment is a known risk factor for the development of psychopathology. Structural and functional modifications of neural systems implicated in stress and emotion regulation may provide one mechanism linking early adversity with later outcome. The authors examined two well-documented biological markers of stress vulnerability [resting frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone] in a group of adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment (n = 38; M age = 14.47) and their age-matched non-maltreated (n = 25; M age = 14.00) peers. Maltreated females exhibited greater relative right frontal EEG activity and lower cardiac vagal tone than controls over a 6-month period. In addition, frontal EEG asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone remained stable in the maltreated group across the 6 months, suggesting that the neurobiological correlates of maltreatment may not simply reflect dynamic, short-term changes but more long lasting alterations. The present findings appear to be the first to demonstrate stability of two biologically based stress-vulnerability measures in a maltreated population. Findings are discussed in terms of plasticity within the neural circuits of emotion regulation during the early childhood period and alternative causal models of developmental psychopathology.

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Section: Frontal Electroencephalogram (Eeg) Asymmetrymentioning

confidence: 63%

Stability of resting frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone in adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment

Miskovic

Schmidt

Georgiades

et al. 2009

Developmental Psychobiology

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show abstract

“…In addition, negative parenting (e.g., scolding, derogatory comments, controlling child's behavior) is associated with lower levels of RSA withdrawal in children during an emotional challenge (Calkins, Smith, Gill, & Johnson, 1998), and poor parent-child relationship quality also predicts lower levels of RSA withdrawal in toddlers . The relationship between parenting and RSA regulation in children may be reciprocal, for example, low withdrawal of RSA to stress in toddlers was shown to predict higher levels of negative parenting two years later (Kennedy, Rubin, Hastings, & Maisel, 2004).…”

Section: Rsa In Parent-child Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of maternal respiratory sinus arrhythmia and behavioral engagement on mother‐child physiological coregulation

Skoranski

Lunkenheimer

Lucas‐Thompson

2017

Developmental Psychobiology

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THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL RESPIRATORY SINUS ARRHYTHMIA AND BEHAVIORAL ENGAGEMENT ON MOTHER-CHILD PHYSIOLOGICAL COREGULATIONParent-child coregulation, observed as the active organization and coordination of parents' and children's behavioral and physiological states, is an important precursor for children's developing self-regulation, but we know little about how individual parent factors shape parent-child coregulation. We examined whether differences in maternal physiology and behavioral engagement were associated with coregulation of mothers' and their 3-year-old children's physiological states over time. We examined coregulation in real time by modeling maternal and child respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) for 47 families across 18 minutes of dyadic interaction using multilevel coupled autoregressive models fitted in Mplus. Maternal basal RSA, maternal teaching, and maternal behavioral disengagement were each entered as between-subjects predictors to determine the extent to which mother-child coregulation was strengthened or weakened by maternal factors. Whereas greater maternal teaching during the mother-child interaction was associated with stronger coregulation in mother and child RSA over time, maternal disengagement was related to weaker coregulation: specifically, there were moredivergent parent and child RSA at higher levels of maternal disengagement. Coregulation in mother-child RSA was also weakened when mothers' basal RSA was higher. Findings contribute to the emerging knowledge base on real-time patterns of parent-child coregulation and iii suggest a role for parent-child physiological coregulation as a mechanism by which parent factors support or hinder children's developing self-regulation.

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“…Marital discord has been linked to lower vagal tone in infants (Porter et al, 2003) but higher vagal tone in preschoolers (Gottman and Katz, 1989). Burgess et al (2003) reported that avoidant attachment in infancy predicted high vagal tone for 4-year-old children, whereas Kennedy et al (2004) reported that child vagal tone at age 2 predicted more restrictive and less supportive parenting at age four. In the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, quality of care is a moderator of physiological activity during a challenge .…”

Section: Contrary To the Cultural Model Maternal Factors Predict Chimentioning

confidence: 97%

Culture and the socialization of child cardiovascular regulation at school entry in the US

DeCaro

Worthman

2008

American J Hum Biol

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The measurement of cardiovascular functioning targets an important bridge between social conditions and differential well-being. Nevertheless, the biocultural, psychosocial processes that link human ecology to cardiovascular function in children remain inadequately characterized. Childrearing practices shaped by parents' cultural beliefs should moderate children's affective responses to daily experience, and hence their psychophysiology. The present study concerns interactions among family ecology, the normative social challenge of entry into kindergarten, and parasympathetic (vagal) cardiac regulation in US middle-class children (N = 30). Although parents believed children must be protected from overscheduling to reduce stress and improve socio-emotional adaptation, maternal rather than child schedules predicted parasympathetic regulation during a nonthreatening social engagement task following school entry. Children of busier married mothers, but less busy single mothers, showed the context-appropriate pattern of parasympathetic regulation, low respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). These findings are expected if: maternal and family functioning, rather than the scheduling of the child's daily life, principally drive young children's cardiovascular responsiveness to a normative challenge; and busy schedules represent high family functioning with married mothers, but not under single-parent conditions wherein adult staffing is uniquely constrained. Family ecology is shaped by culture, and in turn shapes the development of children's cardiovascular responses. Appropriately fine-grained analysis of daily experience can illustrate how culturally driven parenting practices may have unintended consequences for child biological outcomes that vary by family structure.

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Longitudinal relations between child vagal tone and parenting behavior: 2 to 4 years

Cited by 91 publications

References 65 publications

Stability of resting frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone in adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment

Stability of resting frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone in adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment

The effects of maternal respiratory sinus arrhythmia and behavioral engagement on mother‐child physiological coregulation

Culture and the socialization of child cardiovascular regulation at school entry in the US

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