“…The DWT [21,27,28] method will be introduced in this section to distinguish the permanent fault. Different from Euclidean Distance (ED) [22] method and the Hausdorff Distance (HD) [23] method, the DWT method can match the time series data points by bending the time points.…”
Section: Introduction Of Dynamic Time Warping Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It measures the signals with equal or unequal data length and is adaptable to the missing noise of sequence data. Therefore, DWT has higher robustness and accuracy in processing time series data [21,27,28], and is used in existing fault detection schemes [27,28].…”
Section: Introduction Of Dynamic Time Warping Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The DWT distance value is different under the temporary and permanent faults. The fault distance can be accurately calculated by (28) in the case of permanent faults, and the fault location accuracy is generally within 2%.…”
Section: The Performance Of the Proposed Scheme Under The Ptp Fault S...mentioning
A fault properties identification scheme for a hybrid multi‐terminal DC (MTDC) system is proposed to improve the power supply reliability in the system recovery stage. Firstly, a current signal injection strategy based on line commutated converter (LCC) is proposed using the fault control capability. Secondly, the difference between the calculated value (CV) and the measured value (MV) of the current signal under permanent and temporary faults is analyzed for the distributed parameter line model. By introducing the dynamic time warping (DWT) algorithm to represent the difference between CV and MV, a fault properties identification scheme for permanent fault identification is constructed. Finally, the proposed scheme for permanent fault location with the distributed parameter model is obtained by introducing the trust region reflection (TRR) algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed fault properties identification scheme has the function of permanent fault identification and location. The proposed scheme fully considers the effects of fault impedance, sampling rate, noise, and data loss. It can be applied to high voltage DC long‐distance transmission lines with LCC.
“…The DWT [21,27,28] method will be introduced in this section to distinguish the permanent fault. Different from Euclidean Distance (ED) [22] method and the Hausdorff Distance (HD) [23] method, the DWT method can match the time series data points by bending the time points.…”
Section: Introduction Of Dynamic Time Warping Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It measures the signals with equal or unequal data length and is adaptable to the missing noise of sequence data. Therefore, DWT has higher robustness and accuracy in processing time series data [21,27,28], and is used in existing fault detection schemes [27,28].…”
Section: Introduction Of Dynamic Time Warping Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The DWT distance value is different under the temporary and permanent faults. The fault distance can be accurately calculated by (28) in the case of permanent faults, and the fault location accuracy is generally within 2%.…”
Section: The Performance Of the Proposed Scheme Under The Ptp Fault S...mentioning
A fault properties identification scheme for a hybrid multi‐terminal DC (MTDC) system is proposed to improve the power supply reliability in the system recovery stage. Firstly, a current signal injection strategy based on line commutated converter (LCC) is proposed using the fault control capability. Secondly, the difference between the calculated value (CV) and the measured value (MV) of the current signal under permanent and temporary faults is analyzed for the distributed parameter line model. By introducing the dynamic time warping (DWT) algorithm to represent the difference between CV and MV, a fault properties identification scheme for permanent fault identification is constructed. Finally, the proposed scheme for permanent fault location with the distributed parameter model is obtained by introducing the trust region reflection (TRR) algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed fault properties identification scheme has the function of permanent fault identification and location. The proposed scheme fully considers the effects of fault impedance, sampling rate, noise, and data loss. It can be applied to high voltage DC long‐distance transmission lines with LCC.
The application of 5G-based communication for pilot protection in a distribution network with distributed generators is becoming increasingly widespread, but the existence of a 5G communication transmission data delay adversely affects the rapidity and reliability of the pilot protection based on the principle of the traditional dynamic time warping distance (DTW) algorithm. Therefore, to address this problem, and according to the difference in fault currents between distributed generators and synchronous machines, a new scheme of pilot protection based on the principle of an improved DTW is proposed. The scheme firstly performs cosine transform on the fault current sequence, and then it normalizes the DTW value. Finally, the proposed scheme is verified via simulation. The simulation results show that, compared with the traditional DTW, the proposed algorithm has better anti-delay characteristics and a stronger anti-interference ability, and the scheme can quickly and reliably identify in-zone and out-of-area faults with strong noise resistance. Further, the action times for a single-phase ground fault, two-phase ground fault, two-phase-to-phase fault, and three-phase short-circuit fault were reduced by 2.9 ms, 4.54 ms, 5.81 ms, and 5.89 ms, respectively. In addition, it is also sui for a distribution network with a high wind and photovoltaic penetration rate.
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