Longitudinal protection following natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and early vaccine responses: insights from a cohort of community based dental health care professionals

Shields, Adrian M; Se, Faustini; Ca, Kristunas; Cook, Alex; Backhouse, Claire; La, Dunbar; Ebanks, Daniel; Emmanuel, Beena; Ej, Crouch; At, Kroeger; Hirschfeld, Josefine; Sharma, Praveen; Jaffery, R.; S, Nowak; S, Gee; Mt, Drayson; Richter, Alex G; Thränhardt, Dietrich; Il, Chapple

doi:10.1101/2021.02.24.21252368

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Comparison of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels according to the NIBSC standard, to a cutoff value associated with 6-month protection from infection 10 showed that only 12/43 (28%) had sufficiently high anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the clinical, radiological, histological, microbiological, and immunological evolution during the different COVID-19 disease stages using minimal invasive autopsy

Keulen

Vandendriessche

Dubois

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The WHO defines different COVID-19 disease stages in which the pathophysiological mechanisms differ. We evaluated the characteristics of these COVID-19 disease stages. Forty-four PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included in a prospective minimal invasive autopsy cohort. Patients were classified into mild-moderate (n = 4), severe-critical (n = 32) and post-acute disease (n = 8) and clinical, radiological, histological, microbiological and immunological data were compared. Classified according to Thoracic Society of America, patients with mild-moderate disease had no typical COVID-19 images on CT-Thorax versus 71.9% with typical images in severe-critical disease and 87.5% in post-acute disease (P < 0.001). Diffuse alveolar damage was absent in mild-moderate disease but present in 93.8% and 87.5% of patients with severe-critical and post-acute COVID-19 respectively (P = 0.002). Other organs with COVID-19 related histopathological changes were liver and heart. Interferon-γ levels were significantly higher in patients with severe-critical COVID-19 (P = 0.046). Anti-SARS CoV-2 IgG was positive in 66%, 40.6% and 87.5% of patients with mild-moderate, severe-critical and post-acute COVID-19 respectively (n.s.). Significant differences in histopathological and immunological characteristics between patients with mild-moderate disease compared to patients with severe-critical disease were found, whereas differences between patients with severe-critical disease and post-acute disease were limited. This emphasizes the need for tailored treatment of COVID-19 patients.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the clinical, radiological, histological, microbiological, and immunological evolution during the different COVID-19 disease stages using minimal invasive autopsy

Keulen

Vandendriessche

Dubois

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Interferon-γ (IFNγ) levels were signi cantly higher in patients with severecritical disease (p = .046). Although there were no other signi cant differences in cytokine levels, a trend was observed for higher levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), Comparison of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels according to the NIBSC standard, to a cutoff value associated with 6-month protection from infection 10 showed that oonly 12/43 (28%) had su ciently high anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels.…”

Section: Immunological Ndingsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Evolution of COVID-19: A Minimal Invasive Autopsy Cohort Studying in Depth the Different COVID- 19 Disease Stages

Keulen

Vandendriessche

Dubois

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background The WHO defines different COVID-19 disease stages, where pathophysiological mechanisms differ. Clinical, radiological, histological, microbiological, and immunological characteristics of different COVID-19 disease stages were evaluated. Methods Forty-four PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included in a prospective minimal invasive autopsy cohort. Patients were classified according to WHO disease classification in mild-moderate (n=4), severe-critical (n=32) and post-acute disease (n=8) and clinical, radiological, histological, microbiological, and immunological data were compared. Results Classified according to Thoracic Society of America, patients with mild-moderate disease had no typical COVID-19 images on CT-Thorax versus 71.9% with typical images in severe-critical disease and 87.5% typical images in post-acute disease (p<.001). Diffuse alveolar damage was absent in mild-moderate disease but present in 93.8% and 87.5% of patients with severe-critical and post-acute COVID-19, respectively (p=.002). Other organs with histopathological changes were liver and heart. Interferon-g levels were significantly higher in patients with severe-critical COVID-19. Overall, 72% of patients had positive anti-SARS CoV-2 IgM and 51% positive IgG. Conclusion Significant differences in pathological and immunological characteristics between patients with mild-moderate disease compared to patients with severe-critical disease were found, whereas differences between patients with severe-critical disease and post-acute disease were limited. This emphasizes the need for tailored treatment of COVID-19 patients.

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“…There is a general trend for an association of seropositivity with a lesser opportunity for apparent repeat infections over time, although these are preliminary observations [ 124 ]. Shields et al [ 125 ] found a pre-vaccination high seroprevalence of anti-S antibody among dental professionals. A particular IgG EIA threshold was found to correlate with protection against subsequent infection and seropositivity was retained for many months.…”

Section: Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Immunity Should and Will Work for COVID-19 for Some Patients

Cimolai¹

2021

CHI

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In the absence of effective antiviral chemotherapy and still in the context of emerging vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 infections, passive immunotherapy remains a key treatment and possible prevention strategy. What might initially be conceived as a simplified donor-recipient process, the intricacies of donor plasma, IV immunoglobulins, and monoclonal antibody modality applications are becoming more apparent. Key targets of such treatment have largely focused on virus neutralization and the specific viral components of the attachment Spike protein and its constituents (e.g., receptor binding domain, N-terminal domain). The cumulative laboratory and clinical experience suggests that beneficial protective and treatment outcomes are possible. Both a dose-and a time-dependency emerge. Lesser understood are the concepts of bioavailability and distribution. Apart from direct antigen binding from protective immunoglobulins, antibody effector functions have potential roles in outcome. In attempting to mimic the natural but variable response to infection or vaccination, a strong functional polyclonal approach attracts the potential benefits of attacking antigen diversity, high antibody avidity, antibody persistence, and protection against escape viral mutation. The availability and ease of administration for any passive immunotherapy product must be considered in the current climate of need. There is never a perfect product, but yet there is considerable room for improving patient outcomes. Given the variability of human genetics, immunity, and disease, and given the nuances of the virus and its potential for change, passive immunotherapy can be developed that will be effective for some but not all patients. An understanding of such patient variability and limitations is just as important as the understanding of the direct interactions between immunotherapy and virus.

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Longitudinal protection following natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and early vaccine responses: insights from a cohort of community based dental health care professionals

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Studying the clinical, radiological, histological, microbiological, and immunological evolution during the different COVID-19 disease stages using minimal invasive autopsy

Studying the clinical, radiological, histological, microbiological, and immunological evolution during the different COVID-19 disease stages using minimal invasive autopsy

The Evolution of COVID-19: A Minimal Invasive Autopsy Cohort Studying in Depth the Different COVID- 19 Disease Stages

Passive Immunity Should and Will Work for COVID-19 for Some Patients

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