Longitudinal pattern of regional brain volume change differentiates normal aging from MCI

Driscoll, Ira; Davatzikos, Christos; An, Youzhong; Wu, Xiaoying; Shen, Dinggang; Kraut, Michael A.; Resnick, Susan M.

doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181a82634

Cited by 465 publications

(428 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The frontal negativity of the classic SW has also been reported to be absent in an older group (Pfefferbaum et al, 1980). This type of topographic finding has been interpreted increasingly as evidence for compensatory frontal activity in older compared with younger subjects, used to maintain relatively high performance levels (e.g., Hong et al, 2014;Hsieh and Fang, 2012;Staub et al, 2014;Vallesi, 2011) in the context of reductions in frontal brain volume (Driscoll et al, 2009;Raz et al, 2005).…”

Section: Fig 1 About Herementioning

confidence: 96%

Sequential processing in young and older adults in the equiprobable auditory Go/NoGo task

Barry

Blasio

Cave

2016

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective: We recently proposed a sequential processing schema for the equiprobable auditory Go/NoGo task, based on a principal components analysis (PCA) of event-related potentials (ERPs) from a university student sample. Here we sought to replicate the schema, and use it to explore processing in well-functioning older adults. Methods: We compared behavioural responding and ERPs of 20 independent-living older adults (M age = 68.2 years) to data from a sex-and handedness-matched group of university students (M age = 20.4 years). ERPs had substantial latency differences between the groups, and hence were subjected to separate group temporal PCAs. Results: Component latencies were systematically increased in the older group by some 26%, with no significant increase in RT or error rates. Despite some differences in their identified components, each group displayed differential component responsivity to Go versus NoGo; this was reduced in the older participants. Conclusion: The results support our processing schema, and provide insight into the processing stages in well-functioning older adults. Significance: Understanding the perceptual and cognitive processing stages in normal ageing is a pre-requisite for research on mild cognitive impairment and dementia. This study may also provide a simple paradigm and schema suitable for further exploration of functionality in ageing. Highlights• A PCA derived sequential processing Go/NoGo schema was confirmed in young adults, with similar processing in healthy older adults.• Older adults had comparable Go RT and Go/NoGo error rates, increased latencies and smaller, less differentiated Go/NoGo P3s, and N2c was absent.• Go/NoGo processing by Older adults may reflect less specialist processing regions, requiring more effort. ABSTRACT Objective:We recently proposed a sequential processing schema for the equiprobable auditory Go/NoGo task, based on a principal components analysis (PCA) of event-related potentials (ERPs) from a university student sample. Here we sought to replicate the schema, and use it to explore processing in well-functioning older adults. Methods:We compared behavioural responding and ERPs of 20 independent-living older adults (M age = 68.2 years) to data from a sex-and handedness-matched group of university students (M age = 20.4 years). ERPs had substantial latency differences between the groups, and hence were subjected to separate group temporal PCAs.Results: Component latencies were systematically increased in the older group by some 26 %, with no significant increase in RT or error rates. Despite some differences in their identified components, each group displayed differential component responsivity to Go versus NoGo; this was reduced in the older participants. Conclusion:The results support our processing schema, and provide insight into the processing stages in well-functioning older adults.Significance: Understanding the perceptual and cognitive processing stages in normal ageing is a pre-requisite for research on mild cognitive impairment a...

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Section: Fig 1 About Herementioning

confidence: 96%

Sequential processing in young and older adults in the equiprobable auditory Go/NoGo task

Barry

Blasio

Cave

2016

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…Finally, while a full review of sex differences in age-related brain change is beyond the scope of this review, it is important to note that the majority of published reports (whether cross-sectional or longitudinal) and across both global and regional measures, show a steeper and more rapid trajectory of decline for males than females [e.g. 3,19,20,24,[25][26][27] Regional changes. The earliest in vivo imaging studies reported global, or non-specific, brain changes in late life [28].…”

Section: Global and Regional Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and function of the aging brain

Spreng¹,

Turner²

2018

Preprint

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In this opening section of the Aging Brain we set the stage for the contributions that follow by providing a broad overview of the latest advances in our understanding of how the brain changes, both structurally and functionally, across the adult lifespan. We leave domain-specific aspects of brain aging to the subsequent chapters, where contributors will provide more targeted accounts of brain change germane to their particular focus on the aging brain. Here we review the extant, and rapidly expanding literature to provide a brief overview and introduction to structural and functional change that occur with typical brain aging. We begin the chapter by looking back, to review some of the early discoveries about how the brain changes across the adult lifespan. We close the chapter by looking forward, towards new discoveries that challenge our core assumptions about the inevitability or irreversibility of age-related brain changes. These sections serve as bookends for the core of the chapter where we review the latest research advances that continue to uncover the mysteries of the aging brain. Spreng, R.N., Turner, G.R. (2019, forthcoming) Structure and function of the aging brain. In G Samanez-Larkin (Ed.) The aging brain. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

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“…The computer-assisted methodology was validated against manual segmentation by an experienced expert 6 and used by other cohorts. [7][8][9][10] Supratentorial brain tissue was classified as normal or abnormal (ischemic) gray or white matter and assigned to 1 of 92 anatomical ROIs of the cerebrum. 6,7 ROIs were organized in an anatomically hierarchical system with 8 ROIs used for this analysis: total brain, frontal lobe, and hippocampus volumes; total lesion, white matter lesion, gray matter lesion, and basal ganglia lesion volumes; and ventricular CSF volumes.…”

Section: Design Of the Whi Ht Trials And Whimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in brain and lesion volumes after CEE therapies

et al. 2014

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Objectives: To determine whether smaller brain volumes in older women who had completed Women's Health Initiative (WHI)-assigned conjugated equine estrogen-based hormone therapy (HT), reported by WHI Memory Study (WHIMS)-MRI, correspond to a continuing increased rate of atrophy an average of 6.1 to 7.7 years later in WHIMS-MRI2.Methods: A total of 1,230 WHI participants were contacted: 797 (64.8%) consented, and 729 (59%) were rescanned an average of 4.7 years after the initial MRI scan. Mean annual rates of change in total brain volume, the primary outcome, and rates of change in ischemic lesion volumes, the secondary outcome, were compared between treatment groups using mixedeffect models with adjustment for trial, clinical site, age, intracranial volumes, and time between MRI measures.Results: Total brain volume decreased an average of 3.22 cm 3 /y in the active arm and 3.07 cm 3 /y in the placebo arm (p 5 0.53). Total ischemic lesion volumes increased in both arms at a rate of 0.12 cm 3 /y (p 5 0.88).Conclusions: Conjugated equine estrogen-based postmenopausal HT, previously assigned at WHI baseline, did not affect rates of decline in brain volumes or increases in brain lesion volumes during the 4.7 years between the initial and follow-up WHIMS-MRI studies. Smaller frontal lobe volumes were observed as persistent group differences among women assigned to active HT compared with placebo. Women with a history of cardiovascular disease treated with active HT, compared with placebo, had higher rates of accumulation in white matter lesion volume and total brain lesion volume. Further study may elucidate mechanisms that explain these findings. Numerous cross-sectional and observational studies on humans and animal models have examined whether postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) affects brain structure, with inconsistent results. 1 This relationship was examined in the context of the MRI substudy of a large randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS)-MRI. Women aged 65 to 79 years treated for an average of 4.0 years with conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or 5.6 years with CEE alone, compared with placebo, had smaller frontal lobe and hippocampal volumes on posttrial brain MRI.2 Because these findings were based on a single cross-sectional brain scan, it is unknown when the increased rate of atrophy occurred and whether it continued to increase, thereby signaling growing concerns about risks of cognitive impairment.

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Longitudinal pattern of regional brain volume change differentiates normal aging from MCI

Cited by 465 publications

References 30 publications

Sequential processing in young and older adults in the equiprobable auditory Go/NoGo task

Sequential processing in young and older adults in the equiprobable auditory Go/NoGo task

Structure and function of the aging brain

Change in brain and lesion volumes after CEE therapies

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