Longitudinal measurement of regional and whole body bone mass in young healthy adults

Slosman, DO; Rizzoli, René; Pichard, Claude; Donath, A; Bonjour, J. P.

doi:10.1007/bf01623238

Cited by 80 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The coefficient of variation of DXA was 1-2% or less for regional BMD as well as for WB-BMC measurements [9,10]. Bone mass values at baseline were expressed as percentages of peak bone masses in sex-matched young healthy adults, which were: LS BMD 1.07±0.10 and 1.06±0.13 g·cm -2 ; FN BMD 0.90±0.11 and 0.96±0.15 g·cm -2 ; FS BMD 1.73±0.17 and 2.02±0.13 g·cm -2 ; WB BMC, 2259±248 and 2573±327 g·m -1 ×1.70 (mean±SD), in females and males, respectively [9,10]. Bone mass changes during follow-up were expressed as percentage difference from baseline.…”

Section: Bone Mass Measurementmentioning

confidence: 91%

Osteoporosis in patients undergoing lung transplantation

Ferrari¹,

Nicod²,

Hamacher³

et al. 1996

Eur Respir J

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O Os st te eo op po or ro os si is s i in n p pa at ti ie en nt ts s u un nd de er rg go oi in ng g l lu un ng g t tr ra an ns sp pl la an nt ta at ti io on n S.L. Ferrari*, L.P. Nicod**, J. Hamacher* ABSTRACT: The occurrence of osteoporotic fractures may seriously compromise the quality of life of lung transplant recipients. However, at present, the true risk of osteoporosis in such patients is unknown. We therefore prospectively evaluated bone mass changes in patients undergoing pulmonary transplantation. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN) and femoral shaft (FS), as well as whole body bone mineral content (WB-BMC) were measured in 21 consecutive candidates for lung transplantation (9 males and 12 females; mean±SD age 47±11 yrs). Twelve of the patients had their BMD remeasured within 6 months after surgery, and nine again after 1 year. Before transplantation, BMD at all sites as well as WB-BMC were significantly decreased as compared to the values in young healthy adults, FN being the most affected (FN -25±2%; LS, -12±4%; FS -9±2%, WB-BMC -15±4% (mean±SEM)). Seven out of 20 adult patients (35%) fulfilled World Health Organization (WHO)criteria for osteoporosis, i.e. BMD more than 2.5 SD below peak bone mass, whereas three had previously been diagnosed as having osteoporotic fractures of the spine or femoral neck. Within 6 months after transplantation, significant bone loss occurred, mostly at the LS level (-4.0±1.7%; p=0.04), despite calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Furthermore, two patients had new osteoporotic vertebral fractures. After 1 year, no further bone loss or new osteoporotic fractures were observed.In conclusion, evaluation of bone mass and prevention of bone loss should be considered early before lung transplantation. Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of antiresorptive drugs on the prevention of accelerated bone loss and vertebral fractures after transplantation.

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Section: Bone Mass Measurementmentioning

confidence: 91%

Osteoporosis in patients undergoing lung transplantation

Ferrari¹,

Nicod²,

Hamacher³

et al. 1996

Eur Respir J

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“…These measurements allow the determination of bone mineral content and soft tissue mass on a pixel-per-pixel basis. Then, the soft tissue mass is partitioned into fat and nonfat lean body mass by a calibration procedure based on the attenuation of the soft tissue outside the bone and the attenuation of an external dedicated phantom [29,30]. The advantage is that the method permits, in a few minutes, the derivation of the total FM directly rather than by subtracting the other body compartments [4].…”

Section: Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advantage is that the method permits, in a few minutes, the derivation of the total FM directly rather than by subtracting the other body compartments [4]. The reproducibility of the measurements is [4,29,32,33]. An advantage of DXA over hydrodensitometry, total body potassium and water dilution is that it can provide information about the composition of body segments and muscle mass and the distribution of fat between trunk and limbs [34].…”

Section: Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

New bioelectrical impedance formula for patients with respiratory insufficiency: comparison to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

Kyle

Pichard²,

Rochat³

et al. 1998

Eur Respir J

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Severe respiratory insufficiency causes patients to be intolerant of physical effort and to be frequently limited in their daily activity and results in an imbalance between food intake and nutritional needs. Undernutrition and overnutrition can both affect the quality of life and survival of patients with pulmonary disease. Protein-energy malnutrition can lead to quantitative, qualitative and functional alterations of muscle [1,2] and this affects muscle function, including respiratory muscle in patients with already limited respiratory reserves. Optimal adaptation of nutrition support through the assessment of fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency can avoid or minimize muscle wasting or obesity. For these reasons, the nutritional assessment should include body composition measurements which are based on objective rather than subjective criteria of nutritional evaluation. Body composition can be measured by a number of techniques, including hydrodensitometry, isotope dilution, and whole-body counting of potassium-40 [3]. However, these methods are not easily applicable in ill subjects.More recent methods for the determination of the FFM are dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). DXA has been validated against independent methods, including a gamma neutronactivation model [4,5], total body potassium and hydrodensitometry [6] and is becoming one of the reference methods for body composition analysis, but requires sophisticated technology. BIA is a method of measuring body composition which is easy, noninvasive and inexpensive [7]. BIA measurements have been validated in healthy adults [8][9][10]. The relationship between body impedance and body composition is dependent on age and sex [11,12]. Over 20 different formulae permit the calculation of the FFM and FM based on BIA measurements and have generally been validated in healthy, young adults. SCHOLS et al. [13] proposed a BIA formula validated against deuterium dilution for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n=24), which included weight and height 2 /resistance (ht 2 /R) as independent variables. Recently, PICHARD et al. [14] were unable to obtain clinically relevant correlations between FFM calculated by 12 BIA formulae [8,9,11,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21], including SCHOLS et al. [13], and DXA-determined FFM, and suggested that a specific formula should be developed for patients with chronic severe respiratory insufficiency. These results suggest that the bioelectrical impedance analysis formula specific to patients with severe respiratory insufficiency give a better correlation and smaller mean differences than 12 different bioelectrical impedance analysis formulae described in the medical literature. A prediction equation, validated against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and based on subjects with similar clinical characteristics, is more applicable to the patients with respiratory insufficiency than a formula developed for healthy subje...

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“…Longitudinal studies in young men (20±35 y), who had up to 10haweek physical activity, showed no variation in lumbar spine, proximal femur and whole body BMD after one year (Slosman et al, 1994). On the other hand, young women (aged 20 ± 30 y) who had been training in muscle building activities for at least 1haweek during a 2±5 y period showed a higher lumbar BMD when compared to sedentary women (Rauce et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of one year residence in Antarctica on bone mineral metabolism and body composition

et al. 1999

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Objective: To evaluate the changes of the biochemical parameters of mineral metabolism and to assess the effect of these changes on the bone mass of young healthy men who voluntarily lived in the Antarctic Continent for one year. Design: Lumbar spine and whole body bone mineral density (BMD) were measured pre-and post-campaign (14 months later). Serum and urinary biochemical parameters were measured every two months. Serum levels of calcium, phosphate, total alkaline phosphatase, parathormone (PTH) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (250HD) were determined in blood fasting samples; and hydroxyproline, calcium and creatinine in 2 h fasting urine. The subjects received a dose of 100 IUad of vitamin D during May after obtaining the samples and then an average of 125 IUad from July to January. Subjects: Seventeen healthy volunteers, who left Buenos Aires during the 1992 summer: ten arrived in the Belgrano II Base at the end of January and the other seven arrived in San Martõ Ân in March and stayed there up to summer 1993. Results: BMD increased in lumbar spine (L2±L4), total body and the subarea of the legs but there were no differences between the pre-and post-campaign values in arms and pelvis. The percentage of fat mass decreased signi®cantly after 1 y of residence in Antarctica, in comparison to the basal values. Most biochemical parameters remained unaltered and within the normal range during the whole study. PTH showed a nadir in March (end of the summer) when compared to initial levels (73.0 AE28.2 vs 39.9 AE32.7 pgaml, P`0.05), and recovered its initial value in spring. Calcium levels showed a signi®cant decrease in March (9.5 AE0.4 vs 8.5 AE1.0 mg%, P`0.01). 25OHD levels began to decrease in March (24.7 AE6.4 vs 18.7 AE5.3 ngaml), reaching a minimum value whose difference approached statistical signi®cance during the winter period (July: 16.4 AE8.2 ml, 0.05`P`0.06). No signi®cant changes in serum phosphate, total alkaline phosphatase, urinary hydroxyprolineacreatinine and calciumacreatinine ratios were found through the year. Conclusions: 25OHD levels decreased in autumn and winter (nadir in July) and recovered the initial levels by the end of the campaign. An unexplained marked diminution in PTH and serum calcium was found at the beginning of the campaign. In spite of the low vitamin D levels, bone mass in this group of young healthy men increased, probably because of their intense physical activity.

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Longitudinal measurement of regional and whole body bone mass in young healthy adults

Cited by 80 publications

References 18 publications

Osteoporosis in patients undergoing lung transplantation

Osteoporosis in patients undergoing lung transplantation

New bioelectrical impedance formula for patients with respiratory insufficiency: comparison to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

Effect of one year residence in Antarctica on bone mineral metabolism and body composition

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