Longitudinal evaluation of the development of salivary cortisol circadian rhythm in infancy

Santiago, Luciano Borges; Jorge, Salim Moysés; Moreira, Ayrton Custódio

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1996.645466.x

Cited by 114 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

112

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Day-time salivary cortisol levels obtained were comparable with earlier reported ones (de Jong et al, 2000;Hillmann et al, 2008) as were cortisol responses to ACTH (Cook et al, 1996). A circadian rhythm of cortisol was defined as a sufficient decline in the saliva concentration from morning to afternoon and evening (Santiago et al, 1996). Absence of the expected morning surge, leaving a flat basal secretion pattern, is, in man, associated with severe or prolonged stress and certain psychopathologic states (review by Gunnar and Vazquez, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…SPSS software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) of versions 12.0.1 and 16.0.1 were used for the analyses. A circadian cortisol secretion rhythm was characterized by a decline of at least 32.7% (three times the mean intra-assay CV, as defined by Santiago et al, 1996) from the morning concentration (average of the 0700 and 0800 h samples) to both the afternoon (average of the 1500 and 1600 h values) and evening values (average of the 1800 and 1900 h samples). These averages were chosen after graphical investigation of the pooled raw data.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Krieger et al (1971) characterized it by a decline of at least 25% comparing morning concentrations to all later values, whereas Santiago et al (1996) required a drop of at least three times the mean intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) from morning to both afternoon and night. The method described by Krieger et al (1971) was applied to pig data by Gallagher et al (2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Environmental enrichment in early life affects cortisol patterns in growing pigs

Munsterhjelm

Valros

Heinonen

et al. 2010

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effects of environmental enrichment at different stages of life on stress physiology of pigs were investigated in a trial with 63 groups, each of four siblings. In each of the three growing phases (suckling 0 to 4 weeks of age, nursery 5 to 9 weeks, fattening 10 to 24 weeks) pens either were (5E) or were not (50) enriched. Accordingly, the treatments were (i) 000, (ii) E00, (iii) EE0, (iv) 00E, (v) 0EE and (vi) EEE. The enrichment material, renewed twice daily to leave a thin layer, consisted of wood shavings and chopped straw. Salivary cortisol was sampled hourly from 0700 to 1900 h at the age of 9 and 21 weeks. The presence of a circadian secretion rhythm was evaluated by an intra-assay coefficient of variation-based method. An adrenocorticotropic hormone test was performed at 21 weeks. Treatment effects on the odds of a physiological cortisol rhythm were assessed by logistic regression, and effects on cortisol concentrations with a repeated measures GLM. Substrateenrichment from 0 to 9 weeks of age increased the odds of a rhythm as compared to barren housing (odds ratio (OR) 5 30.0, P , 0.01). A flat cortisol secretion pattern may indicate chronic stress and/or delayed maturation of the rhythm. Barren as compared to enriched rearing (0 to 4 weeks of age) seemed to cause a blunted secretion rhythm at 21 weeks of age. Although behavioural and tail lesion observations provided support to the assumption that a blunted rhythm indicates chronic stress, the biological significance of these cortisol results needs confirmation in future studies.Keywords: pig, cortisol, environmental enrichment, early enrichment ImplicationsThe welfare of intensively housed pigs is a matter of public concern. A crowded and barren environment is known to cause signs of stress. This research was designed to investigate effects on stress physiology of a very moderate amount of bedding provided at different stages of the life of pigs raised for slaughter. The quality (wood shavings and chopped straw) and amount was chosen to be compatible with partly slatted pen floors and slurry manure systems. The results indicate that a small amount of bedding in early life (0 to 4 weeks of age) will prevent physiological signs of stress at a later age. Due to use of unestablished methods the biological significance of these results needs more evidence to be disclosed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Environmental enrichment in early life affects cortisol patterns in growing pigs

Munsterhjelm

Valros

Heinonen

et al. 2010

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This phenomenon has been described as 'fetal programming' (Phillips and Jones, 2006), a specification of the more general concept of 'programming', which describes the process by which a stimulus or insult at a critical stage of development has lasting or lifelong significance (Lucas, 1991). The well-documented circadian rhythm of cortisol emerges within the first months postpartum (Price et al, 1983;Santiago et al, 1996;Antonini et al, 2000;Groschl et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol awakening response in infants during the first six postnatal months and its relation to birth outcome

Tegethoff

Knierzinger

Meyer

et al. 2013

Psychoneuroendocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Salivary samples are obtained by noninvasive stress-free procedures, easier to collect, has stability at room temperature, and may be collected many times a day (36). The importance of salivary cortisol in the evaluation of the pituitary-adrenal function, specifically in CS, has been demonstrated more than two decades ago using a competitive assay (37,38).…”

Section: Late-night Salivary Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome

Castro

Moreira

2007

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cushing's syndrome (CS) results from sustained pathologic hypercortisolism. The clinical features are variable and the most specific features for CS include abnormal fat distribution, particularly in the supraclavicular and temporal fossae, proximal muscle weakness, wide purple striae, and decreased linear growth with continued weight gain in a child. Clinical presentation of CS can be florid and in this case the diagnosis is usually straightforward. However, the diagnosis can be difficult particularly in states of mild or cyclical or periodical hypercortisolism. Several tests based on the understanding of the physiologic characteristics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis have been used extensively to confirm the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome, but none has proven fully capable of distinguishing all cases of CS from normal and/or pseudo-Cushing individuals. Three first-line diagnostic tests are currently used to screen for CS: measurement of free cortisol in 24-hour urine (UFC), cortisol suppressibility by low doses of dexamethasone (DST), and assessment of cortisol circadian rhythm using late-night serum and/or salivary cortisol. This paper discusses the effectiveness regarding best cut-off values, the sensitivity and the specificity of these tests to screen for CS. Late-night salivary cortisol appears to be the most useful screening test. UFC and DST should be performed to provide further confirmation of the diagnosis. RESUMO Rastreamento e Diagnóstico da Síndrome de Cushing.A síndrome de Cushing (SC) resulta de um hipercortisolismo patológico mantido. As manifestações clínicas são variáveis e os achados mais específicos para a SC incluem distribuição anormal de gordura, particularmente nas fossas supraclaviculares e temporais, fraqueza muscular proximal, estrias purpúreas largas e interrupção do crescimento linear com ganho contínuo de peso na criança. A apresentação clínica da SC pode ser florida e, neste caso, o diagnósti-co é usualmente direto. Entretanto, o diagnóstico pode ser dificultado particularmente em estados de hipercortisolismo leve ou cíclico/periódico. Vários testes baseados na compreensão das características fisiológicas do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal têm sido usados extensivamente para confirmar o diagnóstico da SC, mas nenhum deles mostrou-se totalmente capaz de distinguir todos os casos de SC dos indivíduos normais e/ou portadores de pseudo-Cushing. Três testes diagnósticos de primeira linha são atualmente empregados para rastrear SC: a medida do cortisol livre em urina de 24-horas (CLU), a supressão do cortisol por doses baixas de dexametasona (TSD) e a avaliação do ritmo circadiano do cortisol usando a dosagem do cortisol sérico ou salivar às 23-24 hs. Este artigo discute a efetividade com relação aos melhores valores de corte e a sensibilidade e especificidade destes testes no rastreamento da SC. O cortisol salivar às 23-24 hs parece ser o teste mais útil de rastreamento. O CLU e o TSD devem ser realizados na tentativa de fornecer confirmação adicional ao diagnósti...

show abstract

Longitudinal evaluation of the development of salivary cortisol circadian rhythm in infancy

Abstract: Our data suggest that, in most normal infants, the development of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis circadian maturation may occur at a much earlier age than previously described.

Cited by 114 publications

References 0 publications

Environmental enrichment in early life affects cortisol patterns in growing pigs

Environmental enrichment in early life affects cortisol patterns in growing pigs

Cortisol awakening response in infants during the first six postnatal months and its relation to birth outcome

Screening and diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About