Longitudinal Effects of Gendered Harassment Perpetration and Victimization on Mental Health Outcomes in Adolescence

Rinehart, Sarah J.; Espelage, Dorothy L.; Bub, Kristen L.

doi:10.1177/0886260517723746

Cited by 53 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…An abbreviated six-item version of the American Association of University Women (AAUW) Sexual Harassment Survey was used to assess sexual violence perpetration during high school (Hill and Kearl 2011; Rinehart et al 2017). Students were asked “During this school year, did you do any of the following to other students at school?” Participants were presented with six items on unwanted verbal sexual harassment (i.e., sexual comments, sexual rumor spreading, and showing sexual pictures), and forced sexual contact (i.e., touching in a sexual way, physically intimidating in a sexual way, and forcing to do something sexual).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Examination of the Bullying-Sexual Violence Pathway across Early to Late Adolescence: Implicating Homophobic Name-Calling

Espelage

Basile

Leemis

et al. 2018

J Youth Adolescence

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The Bully-Sexual Violence Pathway theory has indicated that bullying perpetration predicts sexual violence perpetration among males and females over time in middle school, and that homophobic name-calling perpetration moderates that association among males. In this study, the Bully-Sexual Violence Pathway theory was tested across early to late adolescence. Participants included 3549 students from four Midwestern middle schools and six high schools. Surveys were administered across six time points from Spring 2008 to Spring 2013. At baseline, the sample was 32.2% White, 46.2% African American, 5.4% Hispanic, and 10.2% other. The sample was 50.2% female. The findings reveal that late middle school homophobic name-calling perpetration increased the odds of perpetrating sexual violence in high school among early middle school bullying male and female perpetrators, while homophobic name-calling victimization decreased the odds of high school sexual violence perpetration among females. The prevention of bullying and homophobic name-calling in middle school may prevent later sexual violence perpetration.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Examination of the Bullying-Sexual Violence Pathway across Early to Late Adolescence: Implicating Homophobic Name-Calling

Espelage

Basile

Leemis

et al. 2018

J Youth Adolescence

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…An abbreviated version of the American Association of University Women (AAUW) Sexual Harassment Survey was used to assess sexual harassment perpetration (Hill & Kearl, ; Rinehart, Espelage, & Bub, ). Students were asked “ During this school year, did you do any of the following to other students at school?…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Baseline (Wave 1) self‐reports of sex, race, maternal education, age, bullying victimization and perpetration (traditional, Espelage & Holt, ; cyber, Ybarra et al, ) and sexual harassment victimization and perpetration (traditional, Rinehart et al, ; cyber, Ybarra et al, ) were assessed as covariates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional and cyber bullying and sexual harassment: A longitudinal assessment of risk and protective factors

Leemis

Espelage

Basile

et al. 2018

Aggressive Behavior

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Adolescents engage in bullying and sexual harassment perpetration both in-person and online. Yet, little is known about the overlap of traditional (in-person) and cyber bullying and sexual harassment perpetration. The present study assessed the co-occurrence of these forms of aggression in high school and identified middle school predictors based on participants' perceptions of factors across the social ecology. Racially diverse middle and high school students (n = 3549) were surveyed over four time points from Spring 2008 to Spring 2013. A latent class analysis was used to identify classes of individuals according to endorsement of traditional and cyber bullying and sexual harassment items in high school. Four classes were identified: (1) high all, consisting of traditional and cyber bullying and sexual harassment perpetration (n = 227); (2) traditional bullying perpetration (n = 604); (3) traditional and cyber bullying perpetration (n = 450); and (4) low all (n = 1,261). Students who reported high levels of anger, self-esteem, empathy, pornographic exposure, and traditional masculinity (individual level), lower levels of social support and parental monitoring (relational level), and higher levels of school belonging (community level) had increased odds of being in the high all class when compared to the other classes. Given the co-occurrence of traditional and cyber bullying and sexual harassment, prevention programming that addresses both forms of aggression across traditional and online contexts may be beneficial. This study alsosuggests the importance of comprehensive prevention efforts that incorporate approaches at the different ecological levels, such as teaching adolescents healthy emotional and interpersonal skills, and engaging parents in prevention. K E Y W O R D Sbullying, cyberbullying, protective factors, risk factors, sexual harassment

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“…A modified version of the AAUW’s Sexual Harassment Survey (Hill and Kearl 2011), using 6 of the original 15 items, was used to assess SV perpetration during high school (Rinehart et al 2017). Participants were presented with six items to assess unwanted verbal sexual harassment (i.e., sexual comments, sexual rumor spreading, and showing sexual pictures), and forced sexual contact (i.e., touching in a sexual way, physically intimidating in a sexual way, and forcing to do something sexual).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Factors for Sexual Violence: Understanding How Trajectories Relate to Perpetration in High School

et al. 2018

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Adolescent sexual violence (SV) perpetration is a significant public health problem. Many risk factors for perpetration are known, but less is known about what protects youth from perpetration, or how protective factors change over time. This longitudinal study reports trajectories of four potential protective factors for SV perpetration (empathy, parental monitoring, social support, and school belonging) across middle and high school and examines their relationship to SV perpetration in high school. Findings reveal that youth who identified as SV perpetrators had significantly lower mean empathy scores (d = − 0.18, 95 % CI [−0.26, −0.10]) and social support scores (d = − 0.05, 95 % CI [−0.14, −0.03]) at the beginning of middle school than non-perpetrators. We also found that youth who identified as SV perpetrators had a quicker deceleration in parental monitoring (slopes) and empathy from middle to high school, compared to non-perpetrators. Within-sex differences emerged; significant differences in slopes were detected for school belonging between male perpetrators and male non-perpetrators (Wald test = 3.76 (1), p = .05) and between female perpetrators and female non-perpetrators (Wald test = 3.95(1), p = .04). Significant differences in slopes for empathy between female perpetrators and female non-perpetrators (Wald test = 4.76(1), p = .03) were also detected. No differences were found between male and female SV perpetrators for either empathy or school belonging. These findings have implications for the content and timing of adolescent SV prevention efforts. Intervention in adolescence, involving parents and schools in a comprehensive, multi-level approach, may be effective in preventing SV perpetration.

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Longitudinal Effects of Gendered Harassment Perpetration and Victimization on Mental Health Outcomes in Adolescence

Cited by 53 publications

References 28 publications

Longitudinal Examination of the Bullying-Sexual Violence Pathway across Early to Late Adolescence: Implicating Homophobic Name-Calling

Longitudinal Examination of the Bullying-Sexual Violence Pathway across Early to Late Adolescence: Implicating Homophobic Name-Calling

Traditional and cyber bullying and sexual harassment: A longitudinal assessment of risk and protective factors

Protective Factors for Sexual Violence: Understanding How Trajectories Relate to Perpetration in High School

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