Longitudinal EEG power in the first postnatal year differentiates autism outcomes

Gabard-Durnam, Laurel; Wilkinson, Carol L.; Kapur, Kush; Tager–Flusberg, Helen; Levin, April R.; Nelson, Charles A.

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12202-9

Cited by 121 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Atypical trajectories in brain development emerge very early on in infants who later develop autism, well before the onset of overt symptoms. Data from two independent cohorts showed atypical trajectories in EEG spectral power848586 and complexity87 beginning in the first year of life. Similarly, atypical trajectories in structural brain development have been reported in one cohort of at-risk infants followed from 6 to 24 months using various “intermediate” phenotypes, ie, measurable quantitative traits including variations in cortical surface area,88 extra axial fluid,89 corpus callosum size,90 measures of fractional anisotropy,91 and neural network efficiency 90…”

Section: Trajectories Of Brain Developmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Linking risk factors and outcomes in autism spectrum disorder: is there evidence for resilience?

Elsabbagh

2020

BMJ

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Autism spectrum disorder (referred to here as autism) is one of several overlapping neurodevelopmental conditions that have variable impacts on different individuals. This variability results from dynamic interactions between biological and non-biological risk factors, which result in increasing differentiation between individuals over time. Although this differentiation continues well into adulthood, the infancy period is when the brain and behavior develop rapidly, and when the first signs and symptoms of autism emerge. This review discusses advances in our understanding of the causal pathways leading to autism and overlapping neurodevelopmental conditions. Research is also mapping trajectories of brain and behavioral development for some risk groups, namely later born siblings of children with autism and/or infants referred because of developmental concerns. This knowledge has been useful in improving early identification and establishing the feasibility of targeted interventions for infant risk groups before symptoms arise. However, key knowledge gaps remain, such as the discovery of protective factors (biological or environmental) that may mitigate the impact of risk. Also, the dynamic mechanisms that underlie the associations between risk factors and outcomes need further research. These include the processes of resilience, which may explain why some individuals at risk for autism achieve better than expected outcomes. Bridging these knowledge gaps would help to provide tools for early identification and intervention that reflect dynamic developmental pathways from risk to outcomes.

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Section: Trajectories Of Brain Developmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Linking risk factors and outcomes in autism spectrum disorder: is there evidence for resilience?

Elsabbagh

2020

BMJ

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“…Baseline EEG data were collected at 3, 6,9,12,18,24, and 36 months of age, as previously described (Gabard-Durnam et al, 2019). Infants were seated on their caregiver's lap while a research assistant blew bubbles and/or presented toys to ensure the infant remained calm.…”

Section: Eeg Acquisition / Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Changes in EEG Phase Amplitude Coupling and Phase Preference over the First Three Years After Birth

Mariscal

Levin

Gabard-Durnam

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The coupling of the phase of slower electrophysiological oscillations with the amplitude of faster oscillations, termed phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), is thought to facilitate dynamic connectivity in the brain. Though the brain undergoes dramatic changes in connectivity during the first few years of life, how PAC changes through this developmental period has not been studied. Here, we examined PAC through electroencephalography (EEG) data collected longitudinally during an awake, eyes-open EEG collection paradigm in 98 children between the ages of 3 months and 3 years. We implement a novel technique developed for capturing both PAC strength and phase preference (i.e., where in the slower oscillation waveform the faster oscillation shows increased amplitude) simultaneously, and employed non-parametric clustering methods to evaluate our metrics across a range of frequency pairs and electrode locations. We found that frontal and occipital PAC, primarily between the alpha-beta and gamma frequencies, increased from early infancy to early childhood (p = 1.35 x 10 -5 ). Additionally, we found frontal gamma coupled with the trough of the alpha-beta waveform, while occipital gamma coupled with the peak of the alpha-beta waveform. This opposing trend may reflect each region's specialization towards feedback or feedforward processing, respectively. Significance StatementThe brain undergoes significant changes in functional connectivity during infancy and early childhood, enabling the emergence of higher-level cognition. Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) is thought to support the functional connectivity of the brain. Here, we find PAC increases from 3 months to 3 years of age. We additionally report the frontal and occipital brain areas show opposing forms of PAC; this difference could facilitate each region's tendency towards bottomup or top-down processing.

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“…Delta frequency power trajectories consistently distinguish infants with ASD diagnoses from others (Gabard-Durnam et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Increased EEG coherence in long‐distance and short‐distance connectivity in children with autism spectrum disorders

Jia

Wang

et al. 2020

Brain and Behavior

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Longitudinal EEG power in the first postnatal year differentiates autism outcomes

Cited by 121 publications

References 59 publications

Linking risk factors and outcomes in autism spectrum disorder: is there evidence for resilience?

Linking risk factors and outcomes in autism spectrum disorder: is there evidence for resilience?

Developmental Changes in EEG Phase Amplitude Coupling and Phase Preference over the First Three Years After Birth

Increased EEG coherence in long‐distance and short‐distance connectivity in children with autism spectrum disorders

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