Longitudinal development of air-shower muons studied from the arrival time distributions measured at 900 m above sea level

Kakimoto, F.; Tamura, Tsutomu; Matsumoto, Y.; Enoki, Toshiaki; Tsuchimoto, I.; Nishi, K.; Suga, K.

doi:10.1088/0305-4616/12/2/013

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Systematic studies are performed particularly at large EAS detector installations: in Haverah Park [10,11,12,13,14,15,16], at the Potchefstroom University [17], in Akeno and on Mt. Chacaltaya [18,19,20], at MSU [21], more recently with the GREX/ COVER-PLASTEX [22,23,24,25,26] and KASCADE [27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34] experiments. Measurements of arrival time distributions of high energy hadrons near the shower core have been reported by the Maryland University group [35] and by KASCADE [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Local arrival time distributions display the internal structure of the shower disc (characterised by various time parameters), but they do not carry information about the shape (curvature) of the front. Nevertheless studies based on simulations of the EAS development [16,19] have shown that mass discrimination effects are just pronounced in observations of ∆τ 1 glob µ . For event-by-event observations with a fluctuating number of muons, the single relative arrival time distributions can be characterised by the mean values ∆τ mean , and by various quantiles ∆τ q , like the median ∆τ 0.50 , the first quartile ∆τ 0.25 and the third quartile ∆τ 0.75 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phenomenological features of the time structure of high energy EAS at larger distances from the shower axis have been experimentally studied with the Haverah Park [10,11,12,13,14,15,16] and the Akeno air shower arrays [18,19,20], and the results have been compared with phenomenological model predictions (scaling models and multiplicity prescriptions for the particle production in hadronic collisions). An analysis of the mass discrimination power on basis of modern models of the hadronic interactions has not yet been performed for these cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Features of muon arrival time distributions of high energy EAS at large distances from the shower axis

Brancus¹,

Rebel

Badea

et al. 2003

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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In view of the current efforts to extend the KASCADE experiment (KASCADE-Grande) for observations of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) of primary energies up to 1·10 18 eV, the features of muon arrival time distributions and their correlations with other observable EAS quantities have been scrutinised on basis of high-energy EAS, simulated with the Monte Carlo code CORSIKA and using in general the QGSJET model as generator. Methodically various correlations of adequately defined arrival time parameters with other EAS parameters have been investigated by invoking non-parametric methods for the analysis of multivariate distributions, studying the classification and misclassification probabilities of various observable sets. It turns out that adding the arrival time information and the multiplicity of muons spanning the observed time distributions has distinct effects improving the mass discrimination. A further outcome of the studies is the feature that for the considered ranges of primary energies and of distances from the shower axis the discrimination power of global arrival time distributions referring to the arrival time of the shower core is only marginally enhanced as compared to local distributions referring to the arrival of the locally first muon.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Features of muon arrival time distributions of high energy EAS at large distances from the shower axis

Brancus¹,

Rebel

Badea

et al. 2003

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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“…Thus, especially at larger distances from the shower axis where the geometric factors are dominating, the arrival time distributions map the longitudinal development of the shower in the atmosphere and may inform on early stages ofthe shower. Under this aspect the temporal characteristics of EAS muons has been first experimentally studied by Linsley and Scarsi [1], followed by various different attempts, in particular with the Haverah Park detector arrangements [3,4] and other setups [5][6][7]. As the longitudinal development is determined by the multiplicity of the secondary particles from collisions of the leading particle and by the mean free path (and the cross sections ofthe interaction with air nuclei), the measurement of muon arrival time distributions and of the time dispersion of the muon front may provide signatures for the eiemental composition of the primary cosmic rays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrival time distributions of muons from extensive air showers as signature of the mass composition of cosmic rays

Rebel¹,

Völker²,

Föller³

et al. 1995

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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The central detector of the KASCADE experiment which intends to study the main components of extensive air showers will be equipped with a trigger and fast timing facility which enables measurements of the arrival time distributions of the muons. In particular, at larger distances from the shower axis the arrivaltime distributions are expected to map the longitudinal development of the showers in the atmosphere and may provide additional information about the nature of the primary particle through differences of the mean-free paths and the interaction cross sections with air nuclei.Wehave investigated this aspect with respect to the KASCADE setup on the basis of EAS-simulations. using the Monte-Carlo code CORSIKA. The mean arrival time distributions of muons, observed at various distances from the shower core and for different primary energies and showers sizes, respectively, have been analysed with advanced statistical techniques, based on Bayes decision rules and nonparametric multivariate analysing methods, in order to specify the merits of the mean arrival time information of the muon component as a signature for the mass composition of cosmic rays. It turns out that muon arrival time distributions, observed with the KASCADE facility, exhibit promising features and mass discrimination effects for larger shower sizes, i.e. higher primary energies, around 10 16 eV. Ankunftszeitverteilungen von Myonen aus ausgedehnten

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Muons

Grieder¹

2009

Exentsive Air Showers and High Energy Phenomena

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Longitudinal development of air-shower muons studied from the arrival time distributions measured at 900 m above sea level

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Features of muon arrival time distributions of high energy EAS at large distances from the shower axis

Features of muon arrival time distributions of high energy EAS at large distances from the shower axis

Arrival time distributions of muons from extensive air showers as signature of the mass composition of cosmic rays

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