Longitudinal comparison of the humoral immune response and viral load of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in pigs with different vaccination schemes under field conditions

Abstract

Background: Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections are distributed worldwide and cause Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease (PCVAD). To minimize the impact of PCV2 infection on swine health and production, different vaccination schemes have been used since 2006. However, the association between vaccination schemes, virus load and disease under field conditions are not completely understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effect of two different PCV2 vaccination schemes on the humoral response and PCV2 load in pigs after weaning under field conditions. Methods: Two commercial pig farms (Farm A and B), endemically infected with PCV2, which were using two different PCV2 subunit vaccinations schemes for sow, gilts and piglets, were selected. We designed a longitudinal study and measured IgG levels by ELISA and virus load by quantitative PCR in pigs after weaning. Forty 3-week old piglets were randomly selected at weaning and followed for 20 weeks. IgG levels and virus loads were compared within and between farms and considered statistically different if the non-parametric Wilcoxon-test p value was lower than 0.05. Results: We found that low virus loads were maintained in pigs from both farms regardless of the vaccination scheme used (p>0.05). However, there was significant difference in the mean IgG levels observed over time (p<0.05) while there were no significant differences in viral loads. This suggests that different humoral immune response is not associated with different virus loads observed over time. Conclusions: These results are important because they can help to prevent PCV2 infections using different vaccination schemes to minimize the effect of PCVAD on swine health and production.

Do High Levels of Maternally Derived Antibodies Interfere with the Vaccination of Piglets against Porcine Circovirus Type 2? A Literature Review and Data Analysis

“…From these papers, 10 were excluded based on in-/exclusion criteria. Accordingly, 13 articles [ 4 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ] were finally considered for data collection ( Figure 1 ).…”

The Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of PCV3 and PCV2 in Colombia and PCV4 Survey during 2015–2016 and 2018–2019

“…In the case of period B, we found the absence of PCV2 in reproductive tissues that can be explained by the repeated vaccination of pregnant sows, which agrees with [48], who states that this practice generates protection against reproductive infection. In many countries, including Colombia, it is clear that vaccination against PCV2 has resulted in a decrease in prevalence [49]. In addition, previous studies have shown that regardless of the PCV2 vaccine type, the viral load remained low throughout the production cycle [49].…”

“…In many countries, including Colombia, it is clear that vaccination against PCV2 has resulted in a decrease in prevalence [49]. In addition, previous studies have shown that regardless of the PCV2 vaccine type, the viral load remained low throughout the production cycle [49].…”

Fusion Expression and Immune Effect of PCV2 Cap Protein Tandem Multiantigen Epitopes with CD154/GM-CSF

“…Chinese hamster ovarian cells K1 (CHO-K1) cells were infected with recombinant lentivirus [3]. PCV2 was propagated in porcine kidney 15 cells (PK15) [5]. Lentivirus vector pCDH-CMV-EF1-Puro, packaging plasmid PLP, PLP1 and PLP2 were preserved by the Microbiology Laboratory of South China Agricultural University (Fitgene Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China).…”

“…Recently, a novel circovirus was identified and tentatively designated as porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) [3]. PCV2 infection in pigs causes a series of Porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD), such as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) and swine reproductive disorder syndrome (SRDS) and other varieties of clinical syndromes, which brings great economic losses to the global pig industry [4,5]. At present, there is no specific drug for PCVAD.…”