Longitudinal coherence in thermal ghost imaging

Ferri, F.; Magatti, D.; Sala, V. G.; Gatti, A.

doi:10.1063/1.2945642

Cited by 86 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…This is because the number M obj = A obj /A coh of coherent areas falling inside the object, which is defined in Ref. [20], is very high and the visibility decreases with the increase of M obj . Moreover, it should be noted that there is, in fact, a different number of coherent areas M (N ) obj within the object for each different order intensity correlation measurement if we define the coherent area (the resolvable area under the focused condition) as the square of the full-width-half-max δy (N ) of the N th-order intensity correlation function.…”

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High-visibility, high-order lensless ghost imaging with thermal light

et al. 2010

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Arbitrary N th-order (N ≥ 2) lensless ghost imaging with thermal light has been performed for the first time by only recording the intensities in two optical paths. It is shown that the image visibility can be dramatically enhanced as the order N increases. It is also found that longer integration times are required for higher-order correlation measurements as N increases, due to the increased fluctuations of higher-order intensity correlation functions.PACS numbers: 42.50. Dv, 42.25.Hz, 42.50.St Compared with the first "ghost" imaging experiment with two-photon entangled light [1], second-order ghost imaging and ghost interference with thermal light [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] has a low visibility which theoretically can never exceed 1/3, and in fact will be much lower than 1/3 in practical applications. Moreover, when a 2-dimensional high resolution image of a complex object is required, the better the resolution, the worse will its visibility be. This is one of the limitations for the practical application of thermal ghost imaging (GI). Fortunately, recent studies [12,13,14,15,17,18] on the higher-order intensity correlation effects of thermal light show that the visibility can be significantly improved by increasing the order N . In this way, the drawback of low visibility in correlated imaging with thermal light can be overcome.Third-order GI with thermal light has been theoretically analyzed to a certain extent [12,19], but recently Liu et al pointed out that it is inappropriate to assume that second-order correlations play the entire or dominant role [13]. In their investigations of higher-order thermal ghost imaging and interference Liu et al showed that it is N -photon bunching that characterizes the N thorder correlation and leads to the high-visibility in N thorder schemes. The necessary condition for achieving a ghost image or interference pattern in N th-order intensity correlation measurements is the synchronous detection of the same light field by different reference detectors. Multi-photon interference experiments have been carried out by Agafonov et al [14], verifying the conclusion that the visibility limits of three-photon and four-photon interference are respectively 82% and 94% for classical coherent light, as predicted theoretically by Richter [15]. Cao et al discussed N -th order intensity correlation in double-slit ghost interference with thermal light and proposed a scheme to study the visibility and resolution of the fringes with two detectors [17]. However, in their actual experiment only one CCD detector was employed, and the measurements were taken first with and then without the double-slit in place. Similar * Corresponding author: wula@aphy.iphy.ac.cn high-order schemes to obtain higher visibility but for GI were also suggested by Agafonov et al a little earlier [18].In this paper we report the first demonstration of an arbitrarily high N th-order lensless GI experiment with pseudothermal radiation. We do not actually need N light paths but measure the N th-order intensity correlati...

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High-visibility, high-order lensless ghost imaging with thermal light

et al. 2010

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“…The difference between these two approaches has been widely discussed by the groups of Shih [2], Boyd [3], Lugiato [4], Zhu [5] and Wang [6]. More recently, theoretical and experimental studies [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] on lensless ghost imaging with thermal light have drawn new attention; here "lensless" means that no lens is used for imaging the object. The possibility to perform lensless ghost imaging with thermal light was first predicted by Wang and collaborators [6], who proposed in their paper that the thermal source behaves as a phase-conjugate mirror which reflects an object onto itself.…”

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“…The possibility to perform lensless ghost imaging with thermal light was first predicted by Wang and collaborators [6], who proposed in their paper that the thermal source behaves as a phase-conjugate mirror which reflects an object onto itself. The first experiment with a classical pseudothermal source that successfully demonstrated lensless ghost imaging was performed by Scarcelli et al [8,9], which led to a debate [8][9][10][14][15][16] on the question whether twophoton correlation phenomena must be described quantum mechanically, regardless of whether the light source is classical or quantum. Though there is still no consensus on the subject so far, this does not affect potential applications of ghost imaging with thermal light.…”

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“…It is well-known now that ghost imaging, or correlated two-photon imaging, can be performed not only with entangled photon pairs but also with a classical thermal source. Scarcelli et al [8,9], which led to a debate [8][9][10][14][15][16] on the question whether twophoton correlation phenomena must be described quantum mechanically, regardless of whether the light source is classical or quantum. Though there is still no consensus on the subject so far, this does not affect potential applications of ghost imaging with thermal light.…”

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Lensless ghost imaging with true thermal light

Chen¹,

Liu²,

Luo³

et al. 2009

Opt. Lett.

167

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We report the first (to our knowledge) experimental demonstration of lensless ghost imaging with true thermal light. Although there is no magnification, the method is suitable for all wavelengths and so may find special applications in cases where it is not possible to use lenses, such as with x-rays or γ-rays. We also show numerically that some magnification may be realized away from the focal plane, but the image will always be somewhat blurred. c 2009 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 110.6820, 030.0030, 030.5260 Since the first "ghost" imaging experiment [1] based on quantum entangled photon pairs was performed, over the past decade the phenomenon has attracted much attention in the field of quantum optics. It is well-known now that ghost imaging, or correlated two-photon imaging, can be performed not only with entangled photon pairs but also with a classical thermal source. Scarcelli et al. [8,9], which led to a debate [8][9][10][14][15][16] on the question whether twophoton correlation phenomena must be described quantum mechanically, regardless of whether the light source is classical or quantum. Though there is still no consensus on the subject so far, this does not affect potential applications of ghost imaging with thermal light. In particular, the recent lensless ghost imaging experiments in which reflected and scattered light from the object were detected by second-order correlation measurements show good promise for practical applications. [11,12] However, in all the above experiments, the primary light source was pseudothermal radiation obtained by passing a laser beam through a rotating ground glass plate. Different from these experiments and based on our previous work [17,18] with true thermal radiation, we report the first demonstration of a lensless ghost imaging experiment using a true thermal light source. We employed a commercial rubidium hollow-cathode lamp

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“…The first demonstration of ghost imaging (GI) [1,2] utilized biphoton pairs which were produced by spontaneous parametric down conversion in a nonlinear crystal, hence the phenomenon was interpreted as the result of quantum entanglement of the photon pairs [3]. Subsequently, further theoretical and experimental work showed that GI is also achievable with pseudo-thermal [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] as well as true thermal light [11,12] and can be explained with a classical statistical model [13,14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Compressive microscopic imaging with “positive–negative” light modulation

Yao

Liu

et al. 2016

Optics Communications

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An experiment demonstrating single-pixel single-arm complementary compressive microscopic ghost imaging based on a digital micromirror device (DMD) has been performed. To solve the difficulty of projecting speckles or modulated light patterns onto tiny biological objects, we instead focus the microscopic image onto the DMD. With this system, we have successfully obtained a magnified image of micron-sized objects illuminated by the microscope's own incandescent lamp. The image quality of our scheme is more than an order of magnitude better than that obtained by conventional compressed sensing with the same total sampling rate, and moreover, the system is robust against intensity instabilities of the light source and may be used under very weak light conditions. Since only one reflection direction of the DMD is used, the other reflection arm is left open for future infrared light sampling. This represents a big step forward toward the practical application of compressive microscopic ghost imaging in the biological and material science fields. * gjzhai@nssc.ac.cn

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Longitudinal coherence in thermal ghost imaging

Cited by 86 publications

References 18 publications

High-visibility, high-order lensless ghost imaging with thermal light

High-visibility, high-order lensless ghost imaging with thermal light

Lensless ghost imaging with true thermal light

Compressive microscopic imaging with “positive–negative” light modulation

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