Longitudinal change in executive function is associated with impaired top-down frontolimbic regulation during reappraisal in older adults

Lloyd, William K.; Morriss, Jayne; Macdonald, Birthe; Joanknecht, Karin; Nihouarn, Julie; Reekum, Carien M. van

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117488

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This age‐related pattern has been observed in explicit, but not implicit, negative emotion processing (Zsoldos et al., 2016). Whether this increase in prefrontal activity indicates a compensatory mechanism, neuroadaptation, or loss of neural specificity has been a subject of inquiry (Lloyd et al., 2021; Morcom & Henson, 2018; Myrum, 2019). In our study, there was a trend toward higher inferior frontal gyrus activity being related to higher accuracy in the emotional Stroop task for older adults (Supporting Information, Table S3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of emotions in healthy aging: age‐related differences in brain network connectivity

et al. 2021

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Introduction Successful inhibition of distracting emotions is important for preserving well‐being and daily functioning. There is conflicting evidence regarding the impact of healthy aging on emotional inhibition, and possible age‐related alterations in the neuronal underpinnings of emotional interference processing are unexplored. Methods Thirty younger (mean age 26 years; 15 women) and 30 older (mean age 71 years; 13 women) healthy adults performed a face–word emotional Stroop task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. A resting‐state scan was acquired for calculating the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations as an estimate of vascular reactivity. Comparisons of brain activation during the task were assessed in a whole‐brain, voxel‐wise analysis, contrasting congruent, and incongruent conditions. The canonical regions of the frontoparietal, salience, dorsal attention, and default mode networks were used as seed regions for assessing functional connectivity within and between large‐scale brain networks. Task performance was evaluated using response accuracy and response time. Results The older adults had longer response times and lower task accuracy than the younger adults, but the emotional interference effect was not significantly different between the groups. Whole‐brain analysis revealed no significant age‐related differences in brain activation patterns. Rescaling the data for estimated variability in vascular reactivity did not affect the results. In older adults, there was relatively stronger functional connectivity with the default mode network, the sensorimotor network, and the dorsal attention network for the frontoparietal and salience network seeds during the task. Conversely, younger adults had relatively stronger connections within and between the frontoparietal and salience networks. Conclusion In this first fMRI study of emotional Stroop interference in older and younger adults, we found that the emotional interference effect was unchanged in healthy aging and replicated the finding from non‐emotional task studies that older adults have greater between‐network and less within‐network connectivity compared to younger adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of emotions in healthy aging: age‐related differences in brain network connectivity

et al. 2021

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“…Participants in the current study were derived from a larger sample of 91 subjects (71 old adults, 20 young adults) previously recruited as part of an ageing research project (Lloyd et al, 2021; https://openneuro.org/datasets/ds002620). All participants were recruited via the University of Reading’s Older Adult Research Panel and through local poster and newspaper advertisements in Reading.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants engaged in a voluntary emotion regulation task during the scan, which followed an established cognitive reappraisal paradigm employed by previous research (e.g., van Reekum et al, 2007). A detailed description of the reappraisal task and stimuli can be found in Lloyd et al (2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first session comprised an initial scanning protocol to obtain anatomical T1-weighted (T1w) structural scans, localisers and a resting-state scan, whereby participants were instructed to maintain their gaze on a fixation cross presented in the middle of the screen (rsfMRI scan duration of 10 minutes, 11 seconds). Participants also engaged in several cognitive tasks outside of the scanner which are summarised elsewhere (Lloyd et al, 2021). The first session had an overall duration of approximately three hours (1 hour scanning time).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heart Rate Variability Covaries with Amygdala Functional Connectivity During Voluntary Emotion Regulation

Tupitsa

Egbuniwe

Lloyd

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The Neurovisceral Integration Model posits that shared neural networks support the effective regulation of emotions and heart rate, with heart rate variability (HRV) serving as an objective, peripheral index of prefrontal inhibitory control. Prior neuroimaging studies have predominantly examined both HRV and associated neural functional connectivity at rest, as opposed to contexts that require active emotion regulation. The present study sought to extend upon previous resting-state functional connectivity findings, examining HRV and corresponding amygdala functional connectivity during a cognitive reappraisal task. Seventy adults (52 old and 18 young adults, 18-84 years, 51% male) received instructions to cognitively reappraise negative and neutral affective images during functional MRI scanning. HRV measures were derived from a finger pulse signal throughout the scan. During the task, young adults exhibited a significant inverse association between HRV and amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) functional connectivity, in which higher HRV was correlated with weaker amygdala-mPFC coupling, whereas old adults displayed a slight positive, albeit non-significant correlation. Furthermore, voxelwise whole-brain functional connectivity analyses showed that higher HRV was linked to weaker right amygdala-posterior cingulate cortex connectivity across old and young adults, and in old adults, higher HRV positively correlated with stronger right amygdala-right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex connectivity. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of assessing HRV and neural functional connectivity during active regulatory contexts to further identify neural concomitants of HRV and adaptive emotion regulation.

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“…EF encapsulates verbal fluency (time-limited, phonemic-or semantic category-cued word production accuracy) and working memory (WM; ability to change information in real-time cognitively) (Shao, Janse, Visser, & Meyer, 2014). It is also related to emotion modulation, attention, processing speed (ability to complete speeded basic and complex tasks efficiently), language (e.g., capacity to name things accurately) and global cognition abilities (Lloyd et al, 2021). Older adulthood mental health symptoms include anxiety, depression, and psychosis as well as aberrant motor behaviors (e.g., ritualistic compulsions, fidgeting, pacing), (Cummings, 1997), agitation (i.e., easily angered or aggressive), disinhibition (i.e., impulsive speech or actions), irritability (i.e., emotional lability), and apathy (i.e., indifference/decreased effortful goal-directed activity) (van der Linde et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Elevated Anxious and Depressed Mood Relates to Future Executive Dysfunction in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Network Analysis of Psychopathology and Cognitive Functioning

Zainal

Newman

2022

Clinical Psychological Science

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Vulnerability models posit that executive-functioning (EF) problems centrally affect future common (vs. rare) psychopathology symptoms. Conversely, scar theory postulates that depression/anxiety (vs. other psychopathology) symptoms centrally influence reduced EF. However, most studies so far have been cross-sectional. We used cross-lagged panel network analysis to determine temporal and component-to-component relations on this topic. Community older adults participated across four time points. Cognitive tests and the caregiver-rated Neuropsychiatric Inventory assessed nine psychopathology and eight cognitive-functioning nodes. Nodes with the highest bridge expected influence cross-sectionally were agitation and episodic memory. Episodic memory had the strongest inverse relation with age. Agitation had the strongest negative association with global cognition. EF nodes tended to be centrally affected by prior depressed and anxious moods rather than influential on any future nodes. Heightened anxious and depressed mood (vs. other nodes) centrally predicted future decreased EF-related (vs. non-EF-related) nodes in older adults, supporting scar (vs. vulnerability) theory.

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Longitudinal change in executive function is associated with impaired top-down frontolimbic regulation during reappraisal in older adults

Cited by 10 publications

References 61 publications

Inhibition of emotions in healthy aging: age‐related differences in brain network connectivity

Inhibition of emotions in healthy aging: age‐related differences in brain network connectivity

Heart Rate Variability Covaries with Amygdala Functional Connectivity During Voluntary Emotion Regulation

Elevated Anxious and Depressed Mood Relates to Future Executive Dysfunction in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Network Analysis of Psychopathology and Cognitive Functioning

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